Vol 9, No 2 (2023)
Reviews
Ways to improve climate change adaptation plan of the transport
Abstract
Aim: Development of recommendations for improving the climate change adaptation plan in the field of transport.
Methods: The research method was the analysis of climate risk factors and their dynamics, as well as the features of failures in communication and automation devices in a changing climate.
Results: The proposed directions for improving the climate change adaptation plan in the field of transport are to take into account a priori probability when assessing climate risks for transport facilities, as well as considering the impact of exogenous geological processes on transport facilities. It is shown that the transport infrastructure that are significantly affected by the changing factors of climate risk are communication and automation systems. Inclusiveness in the development of climate change adaptation activities in the field of transport can be achieved, including accelerated training of personnel for the implementation of the climate change adaptation plan in the field of transport and the consideration of greenhouse gas absorption technologies as climate change adaptation measures.
Conclusion: Taking into account proposals for improving the climate change adaptation plan in the field of transport will focus on climate-vulnerable systems, provide the necessary level of professional training for the implementation of the adaptation plan, include greenhouse gas absorption technologies in the industry and ensure participation in the development of measures to adaptation to climate change of all stakeholders.
5-18
Original studies
Efficiency of ferromagnetic shielding of superconducting coils of high-speed maglev crew
Abstract
Background: Magnetic levitation transport with combined traction, suspension and guidance systems based on superconducting coils (SCC) allows reaching speeds of up to 500–600 km/h with a very significant (up to 150–200 mm) air gap, which is an important factor in ensuring the safety of high-speed transportation. However, SCC are a source of strong external magnetic fields, which, in conditions of limited crew dimensions, can have a harmful effect on both passengers and on-board auxiliary equipment.
Aim: to analyze the external magnetic fields of the SCC systems for traction, suspension and direction of maglev vehicles and the effectiveness of ferromagnetic screens as a means of ensuring the electromagnetic safety of passengers and the electromagnetic compatibility of the SCC with other onboard equipment.
Materials and methods: to achieve this goal, methods of analytical and numerical modeling of the magnetic fields of the SCC using modern software packages were used. As a prototype of the combined magnetic system of traction, suspension and direction, the system of the MLX-L0 maglev vehicle, which is undergoing pilot commercial operation at the Yamanashi test line (Japan), was adopted.
Results: it is shown that the value of the external magnetic fields of the SCC of the traction and guiding systems in the passenger cabin of the prototype crew exceeds the maximum permissible levels established by domestic and foreign regulatory documents, both without shielding and with passive shielding with flat steel sheets.
Conclusion: passive shielding of the SCC with steel sheets, including multilayer ones, does not provide the required reduction in the level of external magnetic fields for a given vehicle dimensions.
19-32
Use of regenerative braking energy in the passenger coaches heating system
Abstract
Background: Increasing the efficiency of regenerative braking on sections of railways electrified at direct current is possible when creating a system for using recuperation energy for heating passenger coaches.
Aim: development of a system that allows using the regenerative braking energy under conditions absence of a consumer in the traction network for the purpose of heating passenger coaches.
Materials and Methods: analysis of the statistical data and publications on the use of regenerative braking, analysis of known circuit solutions in the area of passenger coaches heating systems.
Results: the principles of constructing a system that increases the efficiency of regenerative braking was developed.
Conclusion: The creation and implementation of the system for the use of regenerative braking energywill improve the efficiency of regenerative braking and the overall energy efficiency of the transportation process in areas electrified with direct current.
33-43
Selection of a traction electric motor for arctic electric transport
Abstract
Aim: selection of a traction motor for electric freight transport operating in the Arctic.
Methods: To achieve this aim, the main characteristics of existing types of DC and AC electric motors were considered, as well as data on the use of one or another type of motor in modern electric vehicle.
Results: A comparative analysis of the most common motors has led to 2 main leaders - a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) and an induction motor (IM). Both types of motors are fully suitable for solving the aim. However, as it turned out later, PMSM is more often used for light vehicles, while IM in most cases is used for heavier vehicles.
Conclusion: As a result of the analysis, it was decided that for electric transport operating in the Arctic, the best option is to use an induction motor as a traction motor.
44-56
A typical simulation passenger module for a comprehensive study of railway directions, junctions and stations
Abstract
Aim: to create a typical simulation module of a passenger station in interaction with a passenger technical universal techniques.
Methods: methods of simulation modeling and mathematical statistics were used to achieve this goal.
Results: as a result of processing empirical data using the Statistics application package, the sample mean, standard deviation and coefficient of variation were obtained. In the course of various experiments with the model of the functioning of the transport system, the necessary volumes of work for the development of promising volumes of work were determined: track development and the number of shunting locomotives.
Conclusion: in a typical simulation module of a passenger station, in cooperation with a passenger technical station, the following was implemented: arrival and departure of trains, rearrangement of trains on the apron tracks from the tracks of a passenger technical station according to the schedule; movement along the neck of train and shunting locomotives; the variability of technology, the choice of the priority arrival section, depending on its freedom and taking into account the channels occupied in the neck, the execution of the operation; dispatcher regulation, namely, advance delivery to the apron tracks from the tracks of the passenger technical station at the time of the neck's freedom; calculation of the minimum number of shunting locomotives. Conclusion: the creation of a typical simulation passenger module will allow, in full accordance with the technology and implementation of dispatching regulation, to simulate the operation of passenger and passenger technical stations, as well as work with passenger trains at any other stations of the railway network.
57-65
Automated algorithm for drawing up a milling cartogram
Abstract
Background: The milling cartogram is a technical task for the driver of a road milling cutter.
Aim: Automation the process of drawing up a milling cartogram.
Materials and methods: The algorithm for finding the best option is based on the generalized reduced gradient method. MS Excel is used as a software package. The sources of restrictions are the requirements of regulatory documents for the quality of milling operations.
Results: The compiled model considers the conditions for ensuring surface drainage, as well as the restrictions provided for by the building regulations. The discrepancy between the actual cutting depth and the preferred one is accepted as the objective function. The analysis of the results of the solution is carried out and a comparison of manual and automated calculations is given.
Conclusion: The use of the algorithm described in the article makes it possible to reduce the labor costs for drawing up a cartogram by half. Similarly, the degree of deviation of the specified cutting depth from the target is reduced, which leads to a decrease in the amount of overspending of materials during further work.
66-82
Experience of operation monitoring system of the cat-bone bridge through the Petrovskaya Channel in the alignment of the Western Speed Diameter Highway in St. Petersburg
Abstract
Aim: Analysis of the current monitoring system of the engineering structures of a cable-stayed bridge across the Petrovsky Canal in the alignment of the Western High-Speed Diameter highway in St. Petersburg.
Methods and Materials: Statistical data from the databases of the existing system of monitoring engineering structures is used to obtain the results. The tasks, set within the framework of the study, are accomplished by applying the theoretical methods of scientific knowledge: the analytical method, the mathematical statistics theory, induction.
Results: Analysis of the current monitoring system of engineering structures is presented with a description of one of the main problems – the impossibility of synchronizing readings from all sensors during considered period of time, which leads to the inability to correctly assess the stress-strain state of the bridge structure as a whole. Discovered problem solutions are proposed, further research prospect is determined in part of the imperfection of monitoring systems for long-span facilities.
Conclusion: The obtained study results can be used in designing and installation of monitoring systems of the engineering structures for cable-stayed bridges, as well as for modernization and optimization of existing monitoring systems to improve the quality of assessing technical condition of structures assessment.
83-96
Analysis of the tank car market in Russia and optimization of operating models of operator companies
Abstract
Background: Oil and petroleum products are still the main items of the Russian budget. This segment of cargoes is dominating in the railway transportation market. In the coming years, the study of this segment will not lose its relevance. Constantly arising shortage of wagons - petroleum tank cars, restricts sales of raw materials and products of their processing, leads to growth of transportation costs.
Aim: The major goal is to quantify the shortage of tank cars for oil and petroleum products transportation and to develop an optimal operating model for the operator's company.
Methods: The research data are statistical samples of oil and petroleum products transportation market indicators for the period from 2020 to the present, the indicators of efficiency of the rolling stock use by the operator companies. The research is built on the methods of statistical analysis of the market of oil and petroleum products transportation, factor analysis of dependences of the cargo volumes presented for transportation, the volume of transportation and the condition of the car fleet of operator companies.
Results: The structured analysis of the tank car market in the Russian Federation is analyzed, and the operating model of the operator company with a full complex of logistic solutions for oil and petroleum products transportation, realized on the basis of the efficient use of the rolling stock fleet, is developed.
Conclusion: Recommendations on optimizing operating costs for the maintenance of the rolling stock of operating companies, taking into account its maintenance in proper technical condition, ensuring traffic safety and increasing the efficiency of transportation by rail are given.
97-109
Prospects of maglev transport in the unified integrated transport system of the Eurasian Economic Union
Abstract
Background: The changes in the geopolitical situation that began in 2022 had an impact on the transport industry of the Russian Federation and the member countries of the Eurasian Economic Union. There was a need to reorganize supply chains and form logistics routes taking into account new realities while respecting the mutual interests of all participants in transport and economic and geographical processes. The development of Eurasian transport corridors and the implementation of infrastructure projects using innovative approaches continues.
Aim: to consider the prospects of using maglev transport technology in the space of the member countries of the Eurasian Economic Union.
Materials and methods: the research methodology is based on the analysis of logistics methods, socio-economic analysis, as well as macroeconomic methods. The information base of the study is based on official legal and methodological information of the authorities of the Russian Federation and the Eurasian Economic Commission.
Results: as a result of the study, the niche of maglev transport in the unified integrated transport system of the Eurasian Economic Union is determined, the expected effects of the introduction of maglev transport are described at a qualitative level.
Conclusion: the study confirms that innovative logistics solutions are needed in modern conditions for the development of international transport corridors. The proposed neuro-linguistic approach substantiates the necessity and effectiveness of the introduction of maglev transport into a unified integrated transport system of the Eurasian Economic Union as its integral element.
110-120
