Transportation systems and technology

The North of Russia in the short term remains not captured high-speed movement. Such situation can be rectified by application magnetic and levitation technologies, and so string trestle technologies. However, the careful ecological and economic reasoning, and also adaptation of constructive elements and technologies to North conditions has to precede use of such technologies.

For development of the railway high-speed communication it is necessary to create rings of the high-speed movement. Thus the cellular network structure which is much more effective existing treelike, taking place in the Komi Republic, the Arkhangelsk and Murmansk areas will be initially formed.

Container message of trestle type Ivdel – Indiga about 1100 km long can become possible application of magnetic and levitation technology in the north of Russia. From Ivdel the container highway can be continued in the southern direction to border with China.

At the organization of the high-speed movement it is necessary to divide passenger and cargo transport streams. If to execute passenger modules in the form of individual vehicles (four-five-seater), elements of infrastructure will be less expensive. The sizes and loading capacity of containers for high-speed transportations can be also reduced.

Developers of string transport systems actively study questions of design of transport modules of various mission, creation of low-cost transport infrastructure.

In the conditions of the North of Russia development of transport system which would combine advantages of magnetic and levitation and string transport is of interest. Stability of such system can be provided when using effect of «a magnetic potential hole».

Implementation of large transport projects of the high-speed movement in the Russian Federation can promote strengthening international cooperation and be carried out on its basis.

The paper highlighted the main shortcomings of the existing types of urban transport; described a new form of settlement – «conurbation», the classification of urban passenger transport; refined the concept of «fast urban transport»; the necessity of creating a new type of passenger transport in terms of strategic and socio-economic development goals and objectives of St. Petersburg; reflected the creation magnetic levitation transport, can significantly improve the transport service of the population, to reduce the time spent on the trip, take some of the load on the highway due to the shift of the population use cars for transport on a magnetic cushion, reduce pollution.

Maglev is no substitute for public transport, and only takes a niche. Maglev is appropriate where there is a contact with the dense buildings and accumulate large volumes of passenger traffic, which are not able to provide the underground. Design features maglev that covers truck bearing beams, prevents lane departure (derailment); emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere when the movement of trains are excluded; noise is 10 dB less than the rail; Vibration 8 times less than that of light rail transport. Maglev has the highest rate of all public land transport.

In recent years increasingly discusses the prospects of application of high-temperature superconductors (HTS) as the winding current-carrying elements of magnetic systems for various purposes. It seems particularly attractive possibility of such systems at liquid nitrogen temperature.

The article describes the prototype of module of the magnetic system which is made on the basis of high-temperature superconducting tapes, designed for the installation and testing on a working model of a static levitation. In the working model levitation of the platform carried by the interaction of the magnetic field of the assembly of permanent magnets mounted on the platform with a field similar to assemblies located in the track structure. Compact HTS module replaces the two assemblies of permanent magnets mounted on the platform. Each block of the module represents HTS racetrack coil with current inputs, power structure, positioning system and bracing which is placed in a cryostat, providing at minimum wall thickness of the required mechanical strength and thermal insulation at liquid nitrogen temperature.

The prototype of unified superconducting module successfully passed preliminary tests.

This article deals with the problem of control the trajectory of the crew magnetic levitation relative trajectory of the software regarding the track structure of the perturbation of the gravitational and magnetic fields levitation systems, lateral stabilization and traction. The crew is presented as a system of rigid bodies, whose motion is subject to gravitational and electromagnetic forces. The spatial displacement with limited powers of levitation and lateral stabilization regarding a discrete track structure are selected by drawing up the estimated equations of the dynamics of the crew as inertial coordinates of the centers of mass of solids. The coordinates of any point on the carriage in a local coordinate system are converted in the coordinate system associated with the center of mass of the crew to bring the point of application of external force to the center of mass of the crew. A general model of the dynamics of the crew is based on the equation of Lagrange-Maxwell which binds to the active mass of the external forces of gravity that govern the electromagnetic force, the force of inertia and friction. The kinetic energy of the mechanical system is defined by the velocity projections on the axis of the fixed coordinate system as a quadratic form. The crew simulated magneto elastic coupling with the track structure changing the potential energy of magnetic levitation and lateral stabilization at the deformation of the object or the displacement and rotation of the center of mass of the crew in three-dimensional space. The inverse problem of dynamics is solved to determine the control forces for a given trajectory of the crew magnetic levitation. The equations of motion the crew on a magnetic cushion are linearized regarding increments relative coordinates of the centers of mass of the crew vector and presented in the form of equations of the phase space of states.

The paper presents the design of a traction electric drive based on a linear synchronous motor with permanent magnets (PM) excitation. The electric drive is a part of the demonstration mock-up and is intended for the linear movement of a freight platform that is suspended in the air by means of the magnetic field. The drive performs a smooth movement of the platform with a required speed, platform stop, and changing of the direction of the movement. The motor inductor with permanent magnets is fixed on the platform whereas the motor stator is placed on the ground being supplied with power through а semiconductor converter. The stator consists of the independent modules that are sequentially connected to the converter as the inductor moves. Commutation of the modules and commutation the windings inside the active module is performed by the signals from some optical sensors attached to the inductor. Modular design of the motor stator and sectional feeding of its windings from the same converter allow to create a levitation mock-up with an arbitrary length of the motion path. At that all the technical solutions adopted in the drive design are directed to reducing of the drive production cost.

In the last decades much attention has been focused on improving the passive safety of automobile, aviation, railway and shipbuilding vehicles by means of development of special energy-absorbing devices (EAD). The operation principle of such devices is to absorb the kinetic energy of the collision with the obstacle by means of the controlled irreversible deformation of its own design [1]. The article proposes to implement these devices and passive safety systems to assess their effectiveness. The solution of this issue was carried out by the authors' methods of numerical simulation of emergency collision of a rolling stock with an obstacle [2–4]. The article demonstrates the simulated emergency crash system of the passenger magnetic levitation train. It consists of a front and undercar crash-modules. The first is mounted on the end part of the head car of the train to absorb the collision energy with a large obstacle in case of an accident. The second is designed to reduce the consequences of collisions with obstacles of relatively small sizes, able to break the floor or damage undercar equipment at high speed. Various designs and materials used for manufacturing of EAD were theoretically investigated using the developed model of emergency collision. In the result the assessment of work effectiveness of the designed emergency crash-system in accordance with the existing regulatory requirements for traffic safety was carried out.