Vol 8, No 4 (2022)

The article is devoted to the peculiarities of taking into account natural and climatic conditions when designing a highway. It is shown that environmental conditions directly affect the specifics of the designed roads. However, they can play a dual role: both to promote and counteract the long service life of the roadbed. Since it is impossible to influence the weather conditions, it is necessary to provide full protection of the highway. All factors affecting the road condition at the early stages of design were analyzed. It is concluded that if the regulatory and technical requirements are not met, the quality and safety of the road will not be ensured for each road and climate area.in this regard, the most effective methods of protecting and reducing the negative effects of environmental impact were considered.

Background: The article describes the process of occurrence of additional losses in the extreme turns of the copper stator windings, based on physical laws. The causes of the skin effect in the stator windings of a switched reluctance motor (SRM) are presented, an assessment of the skin effect influence degree on additional losses in the SRM of medium and high power. 2D-model of the SRM sector in “COMSOL Multiphysics” software package is created to specify distribution of magnetic field in the SRM stator windings and to quantify the amount of additional losses. А comparison of the magnetic field distribution of the SRM configuration 12/8 obtained in the “FEMM” program and the SRM magnetic field distribution built in “COMSOL Multiphysics” software package is presented to assess the reliability of the results.

Aim: Calculation of the magnetic field distribution in the turns of the stator winding by building a phased 2D-model of the SRM sector (pole division) in “COMSOL Multiphysics” software package to quantify the amount of additional losses caused by eddy currents in the windings.

Methods: “COMSOL Multiphysics” software package is used to build 2D-sector of the SRM. To obtain results on the distribution of electromagnetic fields within the simulated area, finite element methods (FEM) are used to estimate income adjustments, the results are compared with calculations in the “FEMM” program.

Results: The patterns of the magnetic field distribution of the SRM obtained in “COMSOL Multiphysics” software package and in “FEMM” program confirm the presence of a skin-effect in the extreme turns of the stator winding. It can reduce the energy efficiency of the SRM and cause local overheating of the winding turns. As a result of the simulation, the picture of the magnetic field distribution of the SRM obtained in the “FEMM” program is similar to the picture of the magnetic field distribution of the SRM obtained in “COMSOL Multiphysics” software package. Ratio error of the values of the magnetic induction of different parts of the SRM is 3–7 %. It is acceptable and it indicates the correctness of computer modeling in “COMSOL Multiphysics” software package.

Conclusion: The patterns of the magnetic field distribution SRM in “COMSOL Multiphysics” software package and in the “FEMM” program confirm the presence of the skin-effect in the extreme turns of the stator winding, which will allow further research in the field of determining the numerical values of additional losses using 2D-model, and proceed from 2D-model to 3D-model of the SRM.

Aim: to develop recommendations for the development of optimal design schemes of permanent magnet systems designed to create a suspension force.

Methods: we described the electromagnetic interaction in the system using classical field theory, the principle of superposition was used, the forces were calculated using the method of mirror images and Chebyshev quadrature formulas.

Results: an increase of the number of rows of magnets with alternating polarity leads to an increase in the resulting strength of the demagnetizing field and there is the opposite effect in the case without alternating polarities. The suspension force reaches its maximum at a certain distance between the rows of permanent magnets. The side force reaches a maximum at a certain amount of transverse displacement in the horizontal suspension system. The control of the loading capacity of the suspension by changing the size of the cross sections of permanent magnets is accompanied by an increase their mass of the magnetic material. The presence of a ferromagnetic buss significantly improves the characteristics of the suspension and has a beneficial effect on the stability of the suspension.

Conclusion: it is advisable to use multi-row structures on the track and on the vehicle with a certain step of installing magnetic rows with alternating polarity and the distance between the rows affects the magnitude of electromagnetic forces. The choice of the cross-sectional dimensions of permanent magnets should be carried out taking into account the specific requirements for the suspension system, taking into account the reversibility of the remagnetization process.

Background: in terms of current trends in the development of the transport industry and technological trends, it is possible to single out the use of digital tools in order to optimize the logistics of multimodal cargo transportation. The improvement of logistics services involves the expansion of the line of digital participants in the transportation process, the development of mobility ecosystems, the formation of a system of digital transport corridors and directly leads to the personalization of digital consumer behavior.

Aim: to evaluate the main container services and logistics efficiency of multimodal cargo transportation along with technologies implemented in the process of cargo transportation. We confirm that the proposed solutions make it possible to increase the efficiency of the transport organization through the use of digital logistics tools.

Methods: the methodology of the study is based on the analysis of data on the volumes, timing and structure of cargo transported by containers through the ports of the North-West, evaluation of projects for container transportation of goods and evaluation of the effects of their implementation at the site of the Oktyabrskaya Railway - a branch of JSC «Russian Railways», taking into account digital coordination of the process of interaction with seaports. The information base of the study is based on reports and the regulatory framework of the Oktyabrskaya Railway - a branch of JSC «Russian Railways» and methods of planning and rationing expenses during track work.

Results: the evaluation of the container services of the Oktyabrskaya Railway through the ports of St. Petersburg is given, the key functions of the Road information and logistics system in the digital coordination of the interaction process with seaports are updated, the need to expand the capabilities of the online services of JSC «Russian Railways» is justified.

Conclusion: the results of the study confirm that fundamentally new approaches to the organization of multimodal cargo transportation by containers and the movement towards personalization of logistics solutions for certain customer requests in terms of the introduction of digital logistics tools opens up broad prospects for the formation and development of external and internal online services and services, ensuring transparency of relationships with customers and partners throughout the service cycle on multimodal transportation with the subsequent creation of a global information environment for all participants of transportation.