Scalable Approach for Grafting Qubit Candidates onto The Surface of MOF-808 Framework

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Abstract

The development of quantum bits (qubits) is crucial for the progress of quantum technologies. Among various approaches, the qubits based on paramagnetic centers have decent advantages, including their diversity and possibilities of regular ordering, for example, within the structure of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). In the present work a simple and scalable approach to obtain qubit candidates based on stable organic radical 3-carboxy-proxyl and MOF-808 framework has been demonstrated. Investigation of the obtained compounds with different radical amounts using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) demonstrates the presence of two fractions of radicals, which is supported by simulations. Sufficiently long phase memory time at room temperature for the radicals adsorbed into MOF (0.39 μs), as well as the observed Rabi nutations, allow considering this material as a platform for qubits design. The developed approach is capable of incorporating various amounts of paramagnetic centers into the MOF structure and can be employed to obtain other spin qubit candidates.

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About the authors

A. S. Tomilov

International Tomography Center, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences; Novosibirsk State University

Email: mfedin@tomo.nsc.ru
Russian Federation, Novosibirsk; Novosibirsk

A. A. Yazikova

International Tomography Center, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences; Novosibirsk State University

Email: mfedin@tomo.nsc.ru
Russian Federation, Novosibirsk; Novosibirsk

A. R. Melnikov

International Tomography Center, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: mfedin@tomo.nsc.ru
Russian Federation, Novosibirsk

K. A. Smirnova

International Tomography Center, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: mfedin@tomo.nsc.ru
Russian Federation, Novosibirsk

A. S. Poryvaev

International Tomography Center, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: mfedin@tomo.nsc.ru
Russian Federation, Novosibirsk

M. V. Fedin

International Tomography Center, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences; Novosibirsk State University

Author for correspondence.
Email: mfedin@tomo.nsc.ru
Russian Federation, Novosibirsk; Novosibirsk

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Supplementary files

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2. Fig. 1. Schematic representation of the modification of MOF-808 with the radical 3-carboxy-2,2,5,5,5-tetramethylpyrrolidine 1-oxyl (c-Pr). Zirconium clusters are shown in turquoise polyhedra, oxygen atoms in red, carbon atoms in gray, and nitrogen in lilac (a); powder X-ray diffraction data for sample MOF-808 compared to the theoretically modeled diffractogram (CCDC No. 1871192) (b); N2 sorption isotherm for sample MOF-808 (c).

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3. Fig. 2. Steady-state EPR spectra recorded at room temperature for vacuum-quenched c-Pr@MOF-808_vz (a); c-Pr@MOF-808_cz (b); c-Pr@MOF-808_nz (c) samples; simulations for all samples are shown as red dashed lines. Modeling parameters: 1) g1 = [2.0082, 2.0054, 2.0020]; A1 = [4, 4, 34.8] mTl; 2) g2 = [2.0082, 2.0054, 2.0020]; A2 = [7, 7, 41.550] mTl.

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4. Fig. 3. EPR spectrum, detected by free induction decay, for the c-Pr@MOF-808_nz sample measured at room temperature; the asterisk indicates the field position at which T2 was measured. The simulation is shown by the red dashed line.

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5. Fig. 4. Temperature dependence of the relaxation times T1 and T2 for the c-Pr@MOF-808_nz sample.

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6. Fig. 5. Rabi oscillations measured for c-Pr@MOF-808_nz at room temperature and nutation pulse power in the range of 3-21 dB (attenuation values are given); the pulse train used is shown at top (a); Fourier transform for the spectra from a (b); Rabi frequency dependence of Rabi frequency on B1 in relative units (normalized to the lowest value) (c).

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