Сажистая пятнистость и мухосед на плодах яблони: этиология, видовое разнообразие и биологические особенности

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Аннотация

Комплекс грибов, вызывающих сажистую пятнистость и мухосед (SBFS комплекс), на протяжении длительного времени оставался малоисследованным. Прогресс в изучении упомянутых заболеваний наступил с началом активного использования методов молекулярной генетики, благодаря которым с последнего десятилетия двадцатого века до наших дней число открытых возбудителей увеличилось с двух предполагаемых видов до более ста патогенов. Несмотря на расширение знаний о разнообразии возбудителей SBFS комплекса, многие биоэкологические особенности затронутых фитопатогенных грибов продолжают оставаться под вопросом. Актуальность изучения комплекса SBFS обуславливается его возросшей вредоносностью на фоне стремления к экологизации производств во многих странах мира. В России большая часть фундаментальной фитопатологической литературы была издана до основополагающих открытий в изучении сажистой пятнистости и мухоседа, а в более поздних научных работах теме SBFS комплекса не уделялось внимания. В связи с вышеизложенным представлен русскоязычный обзор по наиболее актуальным данным о комплексе SBFS.

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Л. О. Марченко

Северо-Кавказский федеральный научный центр садоводства, виноградарства, виноделия

Автор, ответственный за переписку.
Email: lilia_luzhkova@mail.ru
Россия, Краснодар, 350901

М. Е. Подгорная

Северо-Кавказский федеральный научный центр садоводства, виноградарства, виноделия

Email: podgornayame@mail.ru
Россия, Краснодар, 350901

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2. Рис. 1. Морфологические проявления возбудителей сажистой пятнистости и мухоседа на плодах яблони: 1 – мухосед; 2 – компактное пятно; 3 – дискретное пятно; 4 – разветвленный тип; 5 – редкое разветвленние; 6 – сотоподобный тип; 7 – древовидно-точечный тип; 8 – пунктирный тип; 9 – сажистый тип.

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