Varietal Differentiation of Spring Barley in Terms of Cadmium Resistance Based on Morphometric, Biochemical Parameters, and Productivity

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In the vegetation experiment, with the introduction of Cd2+ into sod-podzolic soil at concentrations of 25 and 50 mg/kg, barley of 4 varieties was grown, which, according to the results of a laboratory experiment with seedlings, turned out to be contrasting in resistance to the action of Cd2+. The aim of the work is to find out whether these varieties retain their properties as resistant or sensitive to cadmium not only as a seedling model, but also during the entire plant ontogenesis. The appearance of plants, plant height, biomass, leaf area, enzyme activity associated with plant protection from environmental stress factors, phytohormone content in aboveground biomass, grain weight, straw and 1000 grains, cadmium accumulation in aboveground plant biomass (straw and grain) were evaluated. Significant differences between groups of cadmium-resistant and cadmium-sensitive varieties were revealed in the experimental conditions. In terms of morphometric parameters and productivity when grown on cadmium-contaminated soil, resistant varieties significantly outperformed sensitive ones. These effects were most noticeable at a cadmium dose of 50 mg/kg, and a dose of 25 mg/kg was insufficient for confident differentiation of varieties into sensitive and resistant ones. It was noted that on the 50th day of the experiment, the concentration of stress hormones increased, and growth hormones decreased when 50 mg/kg cadmium was introduced into the soil of. At the same time, the concentration of stress hormones in resistant varieties increased already on the 30th day, and in growth varieties – both on the 30th and on the 50th day, it did not decrease as much as in sensitive ones. There was a high activity of antioxidant enzymes in resistant varieties compared with sensitive ones. Resistant varieties showed generally high productivity when a cadmium dose of 50 mg/kg was applied to the soil. Sensitive varieties accumulated cadmium in aboveground biomass in greater quantities than resistant ones, while the differences became clear when a dose of cadmium of 50 mg/kg was applied. The results of the study confirmed that the differentiation of barley varieties in terms of resistance found during the assessment of the effects of cadmium on seedlings persists throughout the entire plant life cycle and affects yield and other economically valuable characteristics. The data obtained are useful for assessing the consequences of anthropogenic pollution of agrocenoses, the tasks of breeding varieties of main crops with high resistance to cadmium. In addition, the research materials can be used in the development of a methodology for assessing the state of soils contaminated with heavy metals and for environmental rationing tasks.

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A. Dikarev

All-Russian Institiute of Radiology and Agroecology of National Research Centre “Kurchatov institute”

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Email: ar.djuna@yandex.ru
俄罗斯联邦, Kiev highway, 1, corp. 1, Kaluga region, Obninsk 249035

D. Dikarev

All-Russian Institiute of Radiology and Agroecology of National Research Centre “Kurchatov institute”

Email: ar.djuna@yandex.ru
俄罗斯联邦, Kiev highway, 1, corp. 1, Kaluga region, Obninsk 249035

D. Krylenkin

All-Russian Institiute of Radiology and Agroecology of National Research Centre “Kurchatov institute”

Email: ar.djuna@yandex.ru
俄罗斯联邦, Kiev highway, 1, corp. 1, Kaluga region, Obninsk 249035

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2. Fig. 1. Appearance of barley plants on the 50th day of the experiment: (a) – resistant varieties, from left to right: variety Symphony (control), variety Symphony (50 mg Cd2+/kg), variety Local (control), variety Local (50 mg Cd2+/kg), (b) – sensitive varieties, from left to right: variety Ca 220702 (50 mg Cd2+/kg), variety Ca 220702 (control), variety Malva (50 mg Cd2+/kg), variety Malva (control).

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3. Fig. 2. Effect of cadmium pollution on the height, leaf area and biomass of barley plants of 4 varieties: (a) – 25 mg Cd2+/kg, (b) – 50 mg Cd2+/kg.

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4. Fig. 3. Changes in the content of proline (a) and MDA (b) in the aboveground biomass of 4 varieties of spring barley with soil contamination with cadmium.

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5. Fig. 4. The content of phytohormones in the leaves of 30- (a) and 50-day-old (b) barley plants of 4 varieties with the introduction of Cd2+ into the soil at a dose of 50 mg / kg.

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6. Fig. 5. Enzyme activity in the leaves of 30- (a) and 50-day-old (b) barley plants of 4 varieties.

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7. Fig. 6. The effect of cadmium contamination on the main productivity indicators of 4 varieties of spring barley: (a) - 25 mg Cd2+ / kg, (b) - 50 mg Cd2+ / kg.

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8. Fig. 7. Cadmium content in straw and grain of 4 barley varieties with contrasting resistance to cadmium: (a) – 25 mg Cd2+/kg, (b) – 50 mg Cd2+/kg.

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