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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Modern Transportation Systems and Technologies</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Modern Transportation Systems and Technologies</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Инновационные транспортные системы и технологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="electronic">2782-3733</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">716698</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/transsyst716698</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original studies</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Natural-language control of parametric road design based on large language models</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Естественно-языковое управление параметрическим проектированием автомобильных дорог на основе больших языковых моделей</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6855-0688</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">57089913500</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4337-7527</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kotov</surname><given-names>Andrey A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Котов</surname><given-names>Андрей Александрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Associate Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доцент</p></bio><email>gt@madi.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Moscow Automobile and Road Construction State Technical University (MADI)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский автомобильно-дорожный государственный технический университет (МАДИ)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-09-28" publication-format="electronic"><day>28</day><month>09</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>419</fpage><lpage>439</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-07-23"><day>23</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-08-06"><day>06</day><month>08</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Kotov A.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Котов А.А.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kotov A.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Котов А.А.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://transsyst.ru/transj/article/view/716698">https://transsyst.ru/transj/article/view/716698</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background.</bold> Natural-language control forms a new direction in the development of road computer-aided design systems. However, direct conversion of an engineering task into a program script by a large language model does not guarantee geometric, computational, or regulatory correctness of the result.</p> <p><bold>Aim:</bold> To assess the applicability of large language models to the formation of parametric road-object models and to substantiate an architecture for their safe integration into the design process.</p> <p><bold>Materials and methods:</bold> In the FreeCAD environment, the creation of a model of a road sign and a multicomponent fragment of a category II road based on text prompts was studied. Script execution, geometry editability, the number of refinement cycles, and the volume of tokens used were evaluated.</p> <p><bold>Results:</bold> The fundamental feasibility of natural-language control over a multi-component road model was demonstrated. It was established that a direct generative approach retains significant engineering labor and requires an external validation loop for geometric, computational, and regulatory compliance. A target control architecture and a reconstruction completeness criterion are proposed.</p> <p><bold>Conclusion:</bold> The functional separation among the language model, geometric kernel, validation tools, and engineer forms the foundation for a new generation of intelligent road CAD systems.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование. </bold>Естественно-языковое управление формирует новое направление развития систем автоматизированного проектирования автомобильных дорог. Вместе с тем прямое преобразование инженерного задания в программный сценарий с помощью больших языковых моделей не гарантирует геометрическую, расчетную и нормативную корректность результата.</p> <p><bold>Цель. </bold>Оценить применимость больших языковых моделей для формирования параметрических моделей дорожных объектов и обосновать архитектуру их безопасного включения в проектный процесс.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> В среде FreeCAD исследовано создание по текстовым заданиям модели дорожного знака и многокомпонентного фрагмента автомобильной дороги II категории. Оценивались исполняемость сценариев, редактируемость геометрии, число циклов уточнения и объем использованных токенов.</p> <p><bold>Результаты. </bold>Подтверждена принципиальная возможность естественно-языкового управления многокомпонентной дорожной моделью. Установлено, что прямой генеративный подход сохраняет значительную инженерную трудоёмкость и требует внешнего контура геометрических, расчётных и нормативных проверок. Предложены целевая архитектура управления и критерий реконструктивной полноты.</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Разделение функций между языковой моделью, геометрическим ядром, средствами проверки и инженером формирует основу нового поколения интеллектуальных дорожных САПР.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>large language models, natural-language control, parametric models, roads, computer-aided design, FreeCAD, design verification, reconstruction completeness, information modeling</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>большие языковые модели, естественно-языковое управление, параметрические модели, автомобильные дороги, системы автоматизированного проектирования, FreeCAD, проверка проектных решений, реконструктивная полнота, информационное моделирование</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This article was prepared within the framework of the state assignment from the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (Project No. FSFM-2025-0004: Application of public neural networks for the automated generation of street and road transport infrastructure elements).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Статья подготовлена в рамках государственного задания Минобрнауки России (тема № FSFM-2025-0004 Применение публичных нейросетей для автоматизированного генерирования элементов уличной и дорожно-транспортной инфраструктуры).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khan MS, Sinha S, Sheikh TU, Stricker D, Ali SA, Afzal MZ. 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