Current Gene TherapyCurrent Gene TherapyCurrent Gene Therapy1566-52321875-5631Bentham Science64395710.2174/0115665232261931231006103234Life SciencesResearch ArticleCurrent Updates on the Role of MicroRNA in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Neurodegenerative DiseasesSaleemAmmarainfo@benthamscience.netJavedMairainfo@benthamscience.netFurqan AkhtarMuhammadinfo@benthamscience.netSharifAliinfo@benthamscience.netAkhtarBushrainfo@benthamscience.netNaveedMuhammadinfo@benthamscience.netSaleemUzmainfo@benthamscience.netAshraf BaigMirza Muhammad Faraninfo@benthamscience.netZubairHafiz Muhammadinfo@benthamscience.netBin EmranTalhainfo@benthamscience.netSaleemMohammadinfo@benthamscience.netAshrafGhulam Mdinfo@benthamscience.netDepartment of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences,, Government College UniversityRiphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International UniversityDepartment of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Allied Health Sciences, Lahore College for Women UniversityDepartment of Pharmacy, University of Agriculture FaisalabadDepartment of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Toledo,Department of Chemistry,, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology,Post Graduate Medical College, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences,, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur,Department of Pharmacy,, BGC Trust University BangladeshDepartment of Pharmacology,, University of the PunjabDepartment of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Sharjah, College of Health Sciences, and Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences0102202424212213407012025Copyright ©; 2024, Bentham Science Publishers2024Bentham Science Publishershttps://transsyst.ru/1566-5232/article/view/643957

Background:MicroRNAs (miRNA) are small noncoding RNAs that play a significant role in the regulation of gene expression. The literature has explored the key involvement of miRNAs in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of various neurodegenerative diseases (NDD), such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), and Huntington’s disease (HD). The miRNA regulates various signalling pathways; its dysregulation is involved in the pathogenesis of NDD.

Objective:The present review is focused on the involvement of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of NDD and their role in the treatment or management of NDD. The literature provides comprehensive and cutting-edge knowledge for students studying neurology, researchers, clinical psychologists, practitioners, pathologists, and drug development agencies to comprehend the role of miRNAs in the NDD’s pathogenesis, regulation of various genes/signalling pathways, such as α-synuclein, P53, amyloid-β, high mobility group protein (HMGB1), and IL-1β, NMDA receptor signalling, cholinergic signalling, etc.

Methods:The issues associated with using anti-miRNA therapy are also summarized in this review. The data for this literature were extracted and summarized using various search engines, such as Google Scholar, Pubmed, Scopus, and NCBI using different terms, such as NDD, PD, AD, HD, nanoformulations of mRNA, and role of miRNA in diagnosis and treatment.

Results:The miRNAs control various biological actions, such as neuronal differentiation, synaptic plasticity, cytoprotection, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis and chaperone-mediated autophagy, and neurite growth in the central nervous system and diagnosis. Various miRNAs are involved in the regulation of protein aggregation in PD and modulating β-secretase activity in AD. In HD, mutation in the huntingtin (Htt) protein interferes with Ago1 and Ago2, thus affecting the miRNA biogenesis. Currently, many anti-sense technologies are in the research phase for either inhibiting or promoting the activity of miRNA.

Conclusion:This review provides new therapeutic approaches and novel biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of NDDs by using miRNA.

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