Russian Journal of PhysiologyRussian Journal of PhysiologyРоссийский физиологический журнал им. И.М. Сеченова0869-81392658-655XThe Russian Academy of Sciences68232710.31857/S0869813924110037VGKLQNREVIEWОБЗОРНЫЕ СТАТЬИReview ArticleEndothelium, aging and vascular diseasesЭндотелий, старение и сосудистые заболеванияGoncharovN. V.ГончаровН. В.
Russian Federation
ngoncharov@gmail.comPopovaP. I.ПоповаП. И.
Russian Federation
ngoncharov@gmail.comNadeevА. D.НадеевА. Д.
Russian Federation
ngoncharov@gmail.comBelinskaiaD. A.БелинскаяД. А.
Russian Federation
ngoncharov@gmail.comKorfE. A.КорфЕ. А.
Russian Federation
ngoncharov@gmail.comAvdoninP. V.АвдонинП. В.
Russian Federation
ngoncharov@gmail.comResearch Institute of Hygiene, Occupational Pathology and Human EcologyНИИ гигиены, профпатологии и экологии человекаSechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of SciencesИнститут эволюционной физиологии и биохимии им. И.М. Сеченова РАНCity Polyclinic No. 112Городская поликлиника №112Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of SciencesИнститут биофизики клетки РАНKoltsov Institute of Development Biology, Russian Academy of SciencesИнститут биологии развития им. Н.К. Кольцова РАН151120241101103062025Copyright ©; 2024, Russian Academy of SciencesCopyright ©; 2024, Российская академия наук2024Russian Academy of SciencesРоссийская академия наукhttps://transsyst.ru/0869-8139/article/view/682327

Aging of the organism is inextricably linked with endothelial dysfunction and the development of vascular diseases. However, age per se is only one of the factors of vascular aging. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in the mechanisms of aging and death of endothelial cells (EC). Senescence of EC can be associated with endothelial reprogramming, when cells acquire an immunological phenotype or are transformed into myofibroblasts (endothelial-immune or endothelial-mesenchymal transition, respectively). Atherosclerosis is perhaps the most well-known vascular pathology that initiates other diseases. Atherosclerosis is one of the most well-known vascular diseases, which initiates other, more severe diseases. The mechanisms of atherosclerosis development are associated not only with an increased level of "bad" cholesterol, but also with the desialylation of lipoproteins and the simultaneous desialylation of EC. Many factors related to heredity, lifestyle, frequency and intensity of infectious diseases cause damage to the EC and early aging of blood vessels, which leads to secondary vascular diseases, accelerated aging of the body, cognitive impairment and the development of neurodegenerative diseases. The review highlights some of these processes, their chronological and functional relationships.

Старение организма неразрывно связано с эндотелиальной дисфункцией и развитием сосудистых заболеваний. Однако возраст как таковой является лишь одним из факторов старения сосудов. Активные формы кислорода (АФК) играют важную роль в механизмах старения и гибели эндотелиальных клеток (ЭК). Старение ЭК может быть сопряжено с эндотелиальным перепрограммированием, когда клетки приобретают иммунологический фенотип или трансформируются в миофибробласты (эндотелиально-иммунный или эндотелиально-мезенхимальный переход соответственно). Атеросклероз – одно из наиболее известных заболеваний сосудов, которое инициирует другие, более тяжелые заболевания. Механизмы развития атеросклероза связаны не только с повышенным уровнем “плохого” холестерина, но также с десиалированием липопротеидов и эндотелия. Множество факторов, связанных с наследственностью, образом жизни, частотой и интенсивностью инфекционных заболеваний, обусловливают повреждение ЭК и раннее старение сосудов, что приводит к ускоренному старению организма, нарушению когнитивных функций, развитию нейродегенеративных заболеваний. В обзоре освещены некоторые из этих процессов, их хронологическая и функциональная взаимосвязь.

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