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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Physiology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Physiology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российский физиологический журнал им. И.М. Сеченова</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0869-8139</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2658-655X</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">651614</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S0869813924070045</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">BDWHDS</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Augmented cortisol and antiglucocorticoid therapy in mood disorders: the hippocampus as a potential drug target</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Повышенный уровень кортизола и антиглюкокортикоидная терапия при аффективных расстройствах: гиппокамп как потенциальная мишень</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gulyaeva</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гуляева</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>nata_gul@ihna.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт высшей нервной деятельности и нейрофизиологии РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Moscow Research and Clinical Center for Neuropsychiatry</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Научно-практический психоневрологический центр им. З. П. Соловьева Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-07-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>07</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>110</volume><issue>7</issue><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>1108</fpage><lpage>1127</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-02-01"><day>01</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Российская академия наук</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Российская академия наук</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://transsyst.ru/0869-8139/article/view/651614">https://transsyst.ru/0869-8139/article/view/651614</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The pathophysiology of many mood disorders is closely related to abnormal stress response associated with the dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and cortisol overproduction. The hippocampus, a key structure of the limbic system responsible for both cognitive and emotional spheres, is selectively vulnerable to excess of glucocorticoids (GCs) inducing neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. The antiGC therapy of psychiatric diseases, in particular depressive disorders, may be a useful additional treatment. Among other approaches, targeting glucocorticoid receptors, abounded in the hippocampus, is regarded as highly promising. However, though the preclinical data provide fairly firm evidence to the concept of antiGC therapy for stress-related diseases, clinical studies still are at the proof-of-concept stage. Noteworthy, chronic GC excess is associated not only with mood diseases, but also with cognitive decline, metabolic disorders, diabetes. Potentially, antiGC (HPA axis modifying) therapy may alleviate affective symptoms, cognitive disturbances, GC and insulin resistance and adverse side effects of conventional drugs through beneficial effects on the hippocampus mitigating its dysfunction and neurodegeneration, neuroinflammation, and impairment of neurogenesis. Since stress/GC-associated neuroinflammation-mediated pathology of the limbic system and, specifically, the hippocampus, is a general feature typical for many brain diseases, the concept of antiGC therapy may be extended, tested and validated in a wider spectrum of cerebral pathologies.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Патофизиология многих аффективных расстройств тесно связана с аномальной реакцией на стресс в результате дисфункции гипоталамо-гипофизарно-надпочечниковой оси (ГГНО) и избыточным выбросом кортизола. Гиппокамп, ключевая структура лимбической системы, отвечающая как за когнитивную, так и за эмоциональную сферы, избирательно уязвим к избытку глюкокортикоидов (ГК), вызывающих нейровоспаление и нейродегенерацию. АнтиГК терапия психических заболеваний, в частности, депрессивных расстройств, может стать полезным дополнительным методом лечения. Среди прочих подходов весьма перспективным считается воздействие на глюкокортикоидные рецепторы, плотность которых высока в гиппокампе. Однако несмотря на то, что доклинические данные достаточно убедительно подтверждают концепцию антиГК терапии заболеваний, ассоциированных со стрессом, клинические исследования все еще находятся на стадии доказательства концепции. Примечательно, что хронический избыток ГК ассоциируется не только с аффективными заболеваниями, но и со снижением когнитивных способностей, метаболическими нарушениями, диабетом. Потенциально антиГК терапия (модифицирующая ГГНО) может облегчить аффективные симптомы, когнитивные нарушения, глюкокортикоидную и инсулиновую резистентность, а также побочные эффекты обычных лекарств за счет позитивного влияния на гиппокамп, предотвращая его дисфункцию, нейродегенерацию, нейровоспаление и нарушение нейрогенеза. Поскольку ассоциированная со стрессом/избытком ГК, опосредованная нейровоспалением патология лимбической системы и, в частности, гиппокампа является общим признаком, характерным для многих заболеваний мозга, концепция антиГК терапии может быть развита, проверена и подтверждена на широком спектре церебральных патологий.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>mood diseases</kwd><kwd>hippocampus</kwd><kwd>stress</kwd><kwd>hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis</kwd><kwd>cortisol</kwd><kwd>depression</kwd><kwd>glucocorticoids</kwd><kwd>antiglucocorticoid therapy</kwd><kwd>glucocorticoid receptor</kwd><kwd>mifepristone</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>психические заболевания</kwd><kwd>гиппокамп</kwd><kwd>стресс</kwd><kwd>гипоталамо-гипофизарно-надпочечниковая ось</kwd><kwd>кортизол</kwd><kwd>депрессия</kwd><kwd>глюкокортикоиды</kwd><kwd>антиглюкокортикоидная терапия</kwd><kwd>глюкокортикоидный рецептор</kwd><kwd>мифепристон</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский центр инновационных технологий в здравоохранении</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Moscow Center for Innovative Technologies in Healthcare</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>0602–3/23</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>McEwen BS, Akil H (2020) Revisiting the Stress Concept: Implications for Affective Disorders. 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