Russian Journal of PhysiologyRussian Journal of PhysiologyРоссийский физиологический журнал им. И.М. Сеченова0869-81392658-655XThe Russian Academy of Sciences65158410.31857/S0869813923030020FSFIKCREVIEW AND PROBLEM ARTICLESОБЗОРНЫЕ И ПРОБЛЕМНЫЕ СТАТЬИObesity and Aging. General AspectsОжирение и старение. Общие аспектыDylevaYu. A.ДылеваЮ. А.dyleva87@yandex.ruBelikE. V.БеликЕ. В.dyleva87@yandex.ruGruzdevaO. V.ГруздеваО. В.dyleva87@yandex.ruScientific Institution Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular DiseasesНаучно-исследовательский институт комплексных проблем сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний01032023109326728201022025Copyright ©; 2023, Ю.А. Дылева, Е.В. Белик, О.В. ГруздеваCopyright ©; 2023, Ю.А. Дылева, Е.В. Белик, О.В. Груздева2023Ю.А. Дылева, Е.В. Белик, О.В. ГруздеваЮ.А. Дылева, Е.В. Белик, О.В. Груздеваhttps://transsyst.ru/0869-8139/article/view/651584

Obesity is associated with an increased risk of acute and chronic diseases, including hypertension, stroke, myocardial infarction, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer, and reduces life expectancy by up to 20 years, increasing the risk of premature death. It has been shown that the metabolic changes associated with obesity are similar to those observed with aging. Thus, obesity and aging have a similar range of phenotypes, such as impaired genome integrity, mitochondrial function, accumulation of intracellular macromolecules, weakened immunity, and systemic inflammation. The commonality of mechanisms may underlie the acceleration of aging processes, both at the molecular and systemic levels. Thus, understanding the mechanisms of adipose tissue dysfunction in obesity can provide insight into the processes that contribute to the metabolic dysfunction associated with the aging process. The current review will examine the molecular and cellular mechanisms that underlie obesity and aging, and how obesity can activate the aging process, initiating the early onset of aging-associated chronic diseases.

Ожирение связано с повышенным риском развития острых и хронических заболеваний, включая гипертонию, инсульт, инфаркт миокарда, сердечно-сосудистые заболевания, диабет, рак, и сокращает продолжительность жизни на срок до 20 лет, увеличивая риск преждевременной смерти. Показано, что метаболические изменения, связанные с ожирением, аналогичны наблюдаемым при старении. Так, ожирение и старение имеют сходный спектр фенотипов, таких как нарушение целостности генома, функции митохондрий, накопление внутриклеточных макромолекул, ослабление иммунитета, системное воспаление. Общность механизмов может лежать в основе ускорения процессов старения как на молекулярном, так и системном уровнях. Таким образом, понимание механизмов дисфункции жировой ткани при ожирении может дать представление о процессах, которые способствуют метаболической дисфункции, связанной с процессом старения. В данном обзоре будут рассмотрены молекулярные и клеточные механизмы, лежащие в основе ожирения и старения, а также как ожирение способно активировать процессы старения, инициируя раннее начало хронических заболеваний, ассоциированных со старением.

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