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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Physiology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Physiology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российский физиологический журнал им. И.М. Сеченова</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0869-8139</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2658-655X</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">651583</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S0869813923040088</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">VJNHJJ</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>EXPERIMENTAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The Effect of Prolonged Emotional and Painful Stress on the Expression of Proinflammatory Cytokine Genes in Rats with High and Low Excitability of the Nervous System</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Влияние длительного эмоционально-болевого стресса на экспрессию генов провоспалительных цитокинов у крыс с высокой и низкой возбудимостью нервной системы</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shalaginova</surname><given-names>I. G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шалагинова</surname><given-names>И. Г.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>shalaginova_i@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tuchina</surname><given-names>O. P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тучина</surname><given-names>О. П.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>shalaginova_i@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Turkin</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Туркин</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>shalaginova_i@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vylegzhanina</surname><given-names>A. E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вылегжанина</surname><given-names>А. Э.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>shalaginova_i@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nagumanova</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нагуманова</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>shalaginova_i@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zachepilo</surname><given-names>T. G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зачепило</surname><given-names>Т. Г.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>shalaginova_i@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pavlova</surname><given-names>M. B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Павлова</surname><given-names>М. Б.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>shalaginova_i@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Dyuzhikova</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дюжикова</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>shalaginova_i@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Балтийский федеральный университет им. И. Канта</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт физиологии им. И.П. Павлова РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-04-01" publication-format="electronic"><day>01</day><month>04</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>109</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>545</fpage><lpage>558</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-02-01"><day>01</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, И.Г. Шалагинова, О.П. Тучина, А.В. Туркин, А.Э. Вылегжанина, А.Н. Нагуманова, Т.Г. Зачепило, М.Б. Павлова, Н.А. Дюжикова</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, И.Г. Шалагинова, О.П. Тучина, А.В. Туркин, А.Э. Вылегжанина, А.Н. Нагуманова, Т.Г. Зачепило, М.Б. Павлова, Н.А. Дюжикова</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">И.Г. Шалагинова, О.П. Тучина, А.В. Туркин, А.Э. Вылегжанина, А.Н. Нагуманова, Т.Г. Зачепило, М.Б. Павлова, Н.А. Дюжикова</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">И.Г. Шалагинова, О.П. Тучина, А.В. Туркин, А.Э. Вылегжанина, А.Н. Нагуманова, Т.Г. Зачепило, М.Б. Павлова, Н.А. Дюжикова</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://transsyst.ru/0869-8139/article/view/651583">https://transsyst.ru/0869-8139/article/view/651583</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p id="idm45181324043936">Stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of anxiety and depressive disorders. Neuroinflammation is considered as one of the mechanisms by which stress alters the molecular and cellular plasticity in the nervous tissue, which leads to a violation of the functions of the central nervous system. The contribution of genetically determined features of the nervous system to the development of post-stress neuroinflammation has not been sufficiently studied. In this study, the dynamics of poststress changes in the mRNA levels of the <italic>il1</italic>ß and <italic>tnf</italic> genes of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1-beta (IL-1ß) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in the blood and in the brain in two rat strains with high and low excitability thresholds of the nervous system (HT and LT) was evaluated. Changes in IL-1ß and TNF mRNA levels were assessed by real-time PCR 24 h, 7, 24 and 60 days after prolonged emotional and painful stress in the blood and three brain structures involved in the development of post-stress pathology (prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, amygdala). In highly excitable rats of the LT strain, the level of IL-1ß mRNA in the hippocampus and amygdala increased compared to the control 24 days after the end of stress, in low-excitable animals of the HT strain, an increase in the level of IL-1ß mRNA was detected only in the hippocampus at the same time. The TNF mRNA level did not change in any of the strains at any of the time points after stress. Genetically determined excitability of the nervous system is a promising marker of individual vulnerability to stress, manifested in post-stress disorders associated with the characteristics of the formation and dynamics of neuroinflammation.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p id="idm45181324041744">Стресс играет важную роль в патогенезе тревожных и депрессивных расстройств. Нейровоспаление рассматривают как один из механизмов, с помощью которых стресс изменяет молекулярную и клеточную пластичность в нервной ткани, что приводит к нарушению функций ЦНС. Вклад генетически детерминированных особенностей нервной системы в развитие постстрессорного нейровоспаления изучен недостаточно. В данном исследовании оценена динамика постстрессорных изменений уровня мРНК генов <italic>il1</italic>β и <italic>tnf</italic> провоспалительных цитокинов интерлейкина-1-бета (ИЛ-1β) и фактора некроза опухоли (ФНО) в крови и в головном мозге у двух линий крыс с высоким и низким порогом возбудимости нервной системы (ВП и НП). Изменения уровня мРНК ИЛ-1β и ФНО оценивали с помощью ПЦР в реальном времени через сутки, 7, 24 и 60 дней после длительного эмоционально-болевого стрессирования в крови и трех структурах мозга, вовлеченных в развитие постстрессорной патологии (префронтальная кора, гиппокамп, миндалина). У высоковозбудимых крыс линии НП уровень мРНК ИЛ-1β в гиппокампе и миндалине увеличился по сравнению с контролем через 24 дня после окончания стрессирования, у низковозбудимымых животных линии ВП увеличение уровня мРНК ИЛ-1β обнаружено только в гиппокампе на том же сроке. Уровень мРНК ФНО не менялся ни у одной из линий ни в одной из временных точек после стресса. Генетически детерминированная возбудимость нервной системы является многообещающим маркером индивидуальной уязвимости к стрессу, проявляющейся в постстрессорных нарушениях, связанных с особенностями формирования и течения нейровоспаления.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>neuroinflammation</kwd><kwd>proinflammatory cytokines</kwd><kwd>IL-1ß, <italic>tnf</italic>, stress</kwd><kwd>excitability of the nervous system</kwd><kwd>post-stress disorders, rats</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>нейровоспаление</kwd><kwd>провоспалительные цитокины</kwd><kwd>ИЛ-1β</kwd><kwd>ФНО</kwd><kwd>стресс</kwd><kwd>возбудимость нервной системы</kwd><kwd>постстрессорные расстройства, крысы</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Simpson HB, Neria Y, Lewis-Fernández R, Schneier F (2010) Anxiety disorders: Theory, research and clinical perspectives. 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