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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Ecology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Ecology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Экология</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0367-0597</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-6142</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">697051</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S0367059725040047</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">WING LENGTH VARIATION IN PIED FLYCATCHERS FICEDULA HYPOLEUCA (PALL.) BREEDING IN THE VICINITY OF THE MIDDLE URAL COPPER SMELTER</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>ИЗМЕНЧИВОСТЬ ДЛИНЫ КРЫЛА МУХОЛОВОК-ПЕСТРУШЕК FICEDULA HYPOLEUCA (PALL.), ГНЕЗДЯЩИХСЯ В ОКРЕСТНОСТЯХ СРЕДНЕУРАЛЬСКОГО МЕДЕПЛАВИЛЬНОГО ЗАВОДА</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bel’skii</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бельский</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>belskii@ipae.uran.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lyakhov</surname><given-names>A. G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ляхов</surname><given-names>А. Г.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт экологии растений и животных УрО РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-08-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">NO4 (2025)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">№4 (2025)</issue-title><fpage>305</fpage><lpage>317</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-11-26"><day>26</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Российская академия наук</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Российская академия наук</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2026-08-15"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://transsyst.ru/0367-0597/article/view/697051">https://transsyst.ru/0367-0597/article/view/697051</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The spatiotemporal variation in the wing length of pied flycatchers breeding near the Middle Ural copper smelter (MUCS) and in the background area were analyzed in 1996–2023, a period of significant reduction in industrial emissions. Females and males were on average smaller near MUCS than in the background area probably due to the forcing the low-quality individuals into suboptimal (polluted) habitats. Yearlings had shorter wings than older birds. WL of males increased with increasing melanization of the upper body. Mean WL and proportion of old individuals among breeding birds increased over the study period. The body size of partners in breeding pairs did not correlate. The larger breeding birds, the earlier they started egglaying and the more eggs and fledglings produced.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Проанализирована пространственно-временная динамика длины крыла мухоловок-пеструшек, гнездящихся в окрестностях Среднеуральского медеплавильного завода (СУМЗ), за период 1996–2023 гг., сопровождавшийся значительным сокращением промышленных выбросов. Самки и самцы вблизи СУМЗа в среднем мельче, чем на фоновой территории, вероятно, в связи с вытеснением особей худшего качества в субоптимальные (загрязненные) местообитания. Размеры годовалых особей меньше, чем старших. Длина крыла самцов возрастает с увеличением меланизации верхней стороны тела. На протяжении периода исследований средняя длина крыла и доля старших особей в гнездовом населении увеличивались. Связь между размерами особей в родительских парах была незначимой. Чем крупнее были гнездящиеся особи, тем раньше они начинали откладку яиц, тем больше яиц и слетков было в их гнездах.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>size structure</kwd><kwd>long-term dynamics</kwd><kwd>industrial pollution</kwd><kwd>reduction of industrial emissions</kwd><kwd>Middle Urals</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>размерная структура</kwd><kwd>многолетняя динамика</kwd><kwd>промышленное загрязнение</kwd><kwd>сокращение промышленных выбросов</kwd><kwd>Средний Урал</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания Института экологии растений и животных УрО РАН.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Tellería J.L., De La Hera I., Perez-Tris J. Morphological variation as a tool for monitoring bird populations: a review//Ardeola. 2013. V. 60. № 2. 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