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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Himičeskaâ fizika</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Himičeskaâ fizika</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Химическая физика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0207-401X</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">689009</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S0207401X25080098</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Combustion, explosion and shock waves</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Горение, взрыв и ударные волны</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Shock initiation of detonation in a mixture of gelled nitromethane with microballoons</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Ударно-волновое инициирование детонации в смеси гелеобразного нитрометана с микросферами</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shakula</surname><given-names>M. Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шакула</surname><given-names>М. Ю.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>utkin@icp.ac.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Utkin</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Уткин</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>utkin@icp.ac.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mochalova</surname><given-names>V. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мочалова</surname><given-names>В. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>utkin@icp.ac.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lavrov</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лавров</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>utkin@icp.ac.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Savchenko</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Савченко</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>utkin@icp.ac.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vilkov</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вилков</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>utkin@icp.ac.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральный исследовательский центр проблем химической физики и медицинской химии Российской академии наук</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский физико-технический институт</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский государственный университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-08-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>44</volume><issue>8</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>87</fpage><lpage>96</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-08-11"><day>11</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-08-11"><day>11</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Российская академия наук</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Российская академия наук</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://transsyst.ru/0207-401X/article/view/689009">https://transsyst.ru/0207-401X/article/view/689009</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Using a multichannel laser interferometer, a series of experiments with recording of particle velocity profiles have been carried out to determine the dynamics of shock initiation of detonation in the mixtures of nitromethane with microballoons, which are heterogeneous explosives with a controlled charge structure. It is shown that the addition of 5–8 wt.% microballoons to nitromethane reduces the shock wave amplitude required to initiate detonation by almost an order of magnitude. At 8 wt.% of microballoons, depending on the initiation conditions, the realization of both steady Chapman-Jouguet detonation and weak detonation is observed.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>С использованием многоточечного лазерного интерферометра проведена серия экспериментов с регистрацией профилей массовой скорости для определения динамики ударно-волнового инициирования смесей нитрометана с микросферами, которые являются гетерогенными взрывчатыми веществами с контролируемой структурой зарядов. Показано, что добавление к нитрометану 5–8 вес.% микросфер почти на порядок снижает необходимую для инициирования амплитуду ударной волны. При добавлении 8 вес.% микросфер в зависимости от условий инициирования, наблюдается реализация как стационарной детонации Чепмена–Жуге, так и низкоскоростной детонации.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>nitromethane</kwd><kwd>microballoons</kwd><kwd>detonation</kwd><kwd>shock initiation of detonation</kwd><kwd>weak detonation</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>нитрометан</kwd><kwd>микросферы</kwd><kwd>детонация</kwd><kwd>ударно-волновое инициирование</kwd><kwd>низкоскоростная детонация</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Министерство науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Ministry of Science And Higher Education of the Russian Federation</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>075-00247-24-00</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Lee J.J., Frost D.L., Lee J.H.S., Dremin A. // Shock Waves. 1995. 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