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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Himičeskaâ fizika</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Himičeskaâ fizika</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Химическая физика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0207-401X</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">686506</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S0207401X25060031</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>СТРОЕНИЕ ХИМИЧЕСКИХ СОЕДИНЕНИЙ, КВАНТОВАЯ ХИМИЯ, СПЕКТРОСКОПИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Строение химических соединений, квантовая химия, спектроскопия</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Study of Fluorescence Quenching by Bilirubin of a Carbocyanine Dye in Complex with DNA. Effect of Cu<sup>2+</sup> Additives</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Исследование тушения флуоресценции билирубином карбоцианинового красителя в комплексе с ДНК. Влияние добавок Cu<sup>2+</sup></trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pronkin</surname><given-names>P. G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пронкин</surname><given-names>П. Г.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>pronkinp@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tatikolov</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Татиколов</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>pronkinp@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт биохимической физики им. Н.М. Эмануэля Российской академии наук</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-06-04" publication-format="electronic"><day>04</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>44</volume><issue>6</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>43</fpage><lpage>54</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-07-01"><day>01</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-07-01"><day>01</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Российская академия наук</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Российская академия наук</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://transsyst.ru/0207-401X/article/view/686506">https://transsyst.ru/0207-401X/article/view/686506</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The effect of bilirubin on the spectral fluorescence properties of the cationic thiacarbocyanine dye Cyan 2 in the presence of DNA was studied. The Cyan 2 dye forms a non-covalent complex with DNA, which leads to an increase in the fluorescence of the dye. Interaction with bilirubin leads to effective quenching of dye fluorescence in complex with DNA (static mechanism), which can be used to construct a spectral-fluorescent sensor for bilirubin. The results of in vitro experiments are illustrated by in silico molecular docking experiments. The effect of Cu<sup>2+</sup> ion additives can further enhance the quenching of dye fluorescence by bilirubin. Effective quenching constants and detection limits of bilirubin using the Cyan 2–DNA system (LOD and LOQ) are determined.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Изучено влияние билирубина на спектрально-флуоресцентные свойства катионного тиакарбоцианинового красителя Cyan 2 в присутствии ДНК. Краситель Cyan 2 образует с ДНК нековалентный комплекс, что приводит к росту флуоресценции красителя. Взаимодействие с билирубином приводит к эффективному тушению флуоресценции красителя в комплексе с ДНК (статический механизм), что может быть использовано для конструирования спектрально-флуоресцентного сенсора на билирубин. Результаты экспериментов in vitro проиллюстрированы экспериментами in silico по молекулярному докингу. Влияние добавок ионов Cu<sup>2+</sup> способно дополнительно усиливать тушение флуоресценции красителя билирубином. Определены эффективные константы тушения и пределы обнаружения билирубина с помощью системы Cyan 2–ДНК (LOD и LOQ).</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>thiacarbocyanine dye</kwd><kwd>DNA</kwd><kwd>complexation</kwd><kwd>bilirubin</kwd><kwd>spectral-fluorescent probes</kwd><kwd>fluorescence quenching</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>тиакарбоцианиновый краситель</kwd><kwd>ДНК</kwd><kwd>комплексообразование</kwd><kwd>билирубин</kwd><kwd>спектрально-флуоресцентные зонды</kwd><kwd>тушение флуоресценции</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Правительство Российской Федерации</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Government of the Russian Federation</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pronkin P.G., Tatikolov A.S. // Molecules. 2022. 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