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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Himičeskaâ fizika</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Himičeskaâ fizika</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Химическая физика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0207-401X</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">680955</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S0207401X24100089</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading"><subject>Химическая физика атмосферных явлений</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Mechanism of nitrate formation in atmospheric haze particlesre</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Образование нитратов в частицах атмосферной дымки</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pronchev</surname><given-names>G. B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Прончев</surname><given-names>Г. Б.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>pronchev@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Yermakov</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ермаков</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>pronchev@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральный исследовательский центр химической физики им. Н.Н. Семёнова Российской академии наук</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-10-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>10</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>43</volume><issue>10</issue><fpage>89</fpage><lpage>99</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-05-29"><day>29</day><month>05</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Российская академия наук</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Российская академия наук</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://transsyst.ru/0207-401X/article/view/680955">https://transsyst.ru/0207-401X/article/view/680955</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The paper considers data on winter monitoring of the ionic composition of aerosol particles and small gas components in the surface atmosphere of Antwerp and Beijing. According to the results of their comparison, it is shown that the rapid accumulation of NO<sub>3</sub><sup>- </sup>over Beijing in haze particles is triggered by a liquid-phase catalytic reaction of sulfate formation involving Mn/Fe ions, which proceeds in a fast degenerate branched mode. The cycle of these transformations is accompanied by the associated production of nitrate radicals in the particles. Their release into the gas phase leads to an increase in the concentration of N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> molecules, and a rapid accumulation of nitrates. The coupling of the catalytic (petrochemical) conversion of sulfur dioxide into sulfates and the nitrate production process over Beijing thus plays a crucial role in the formation of the mineral composition of haze particles in the atmosphere.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В работе рассматриваются данные мониторинга в зимнее время ионного состава аэрозольных частиц и малых газовых составляющих в приземной атмосфере Антверпена и Пекина. По результатам их сравнения показано, что быстрое накопление<italic> </italic>NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup><italic> </italic>над Пекином в частицах дымки происходит в результате жидкофазной каталитической реакции образования сульфатов с участием ионов Mn/Fe, протекающей в быстром вырожденно-разветвленном режиме. Цикл этих превращений сопровождается в частицах попутной наработкой нитратных радикалов. Их выход в газовую фазу приводит к увеличению концентрации молекул N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> и быстрому накоплению нитратов. Сопряжение процессов каталитической (не фотохимической) конверсии диоксида серы в сульфаты и наработки нитратов над Пекином играет, таким образом, решающую роль в формировании минерального состава частиц дымки в атмосфере.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>aerosolhaze</kwd><kwd>nitratesandsulfates</kwd><kwd>catalysis</kwd><kwd>degenerate-branchedmode</kwd><kwd>transitionmetalions</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>аэрозольная дымка</kwd><kwd>нитраты и сульфаты</kwd><kwd>катализ</kwd><kwd>вырождено-разветвленный режим</kwd><kwd>ионы переходных металлов</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Госзадание ФИЦ ХФ РАН им. Н.Н. Семёнова (тема 1.1_2)</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">State assignment of the N.N. 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