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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Human Physiology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Human Physiology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Физиология человека</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0131-1646</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-6150</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">689892</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S0131164625040035</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">SQLUQJ</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Event-related brain potentials when comparing visual stimuli – words and pictures</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Связанные с событиями потенциалы мозга при сравнении зрительных стимулов – слов и изображений</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikishena</surname><given-names>I. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никишена</surname><given-names>И. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>nikishena@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ponomarev</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пономарев</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>nikishena@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kropotov</surname><given-names>Yu. D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кропотов</surname><given-names>Ю. Д.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>nikishena@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО Санкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университет Министерства здравоохранения РФ</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N. Bekhtereva Institute of Human Brain RAS</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУН Институт мозга человека имени Н.П. Бехтеревой РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-09-04" publication-format="electronic"><day>04</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>51</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>34</fpage><lpage>49</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-08-26"><day>26</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-08-26"><day>26</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Российская академия наук</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Российская академия наук</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://transsyst.ru/0131-1646/article/view/689892">https://transsyst.ru/0131-1646/article/view/689892</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The goal of this paper was studying neurophysiological processes in the brain during presentation of visual stimuli (printed words and pictures). 84 participants took part in the investigation. The article presents the results of the analysis of event related potentials (ERP) in a three-stimulus visual test. In the time interval 80-280 ms after the second stimulus, ERP components were recorded: <italic>N1<sub>O</sub></italic> in the occipital area, and <italic>N1<sub>T</sub></italic> and <italic>P2</italic> in the posterior temporal lobes. The <italic>N1<sub>O</sub></italic>, <italic>N1<sub>T</sub></italic>, <italic>P2</italic> waves in response to the second word-stimulus differed in amplitude and latency from the waves in response of the image-stimulus. No difference in ERP in the posterior temporal and occipital components <italic>N1<sub>O</sub></italic>, <italic>N1<sub>T</sub></italic>, <italic>P2</italic> between match and mismatch conditions in words comparison was found. We infer that the operation of comparing two words is not reflected all measured ERP waves. In response to the second picture-stimulus the amplitude of the occipital and posterior temporal components <italic>N1<sub>O</sub></italic>, <italic>N1<sub>T</sub></italic> was greater when the stimuli matched the first stimulus. We conclude that the recorded difference wave indicates facilitation operation during the perception when the predicted signal matches the actual input signal. In summary, the modulation of the posterior temporal <italic>P2</italic> wave in response to the second mismatched picture-stimulus in the pairs is caused by two hypothetical psychological operations: physical repetition of the stimulus, and mismatch with the image in the working memory.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Целью данного исследования было изучение особенностей работы мозга при сравнении зрительных стимулов в виде слов и изображений. В исследовании принимали участие 84 чел. В статье представлены результаты анализа потенциалов, связанных с событиями (ПСС), в зрительном трехстимульном тесте. Задачей участника исследования было сравнить первый и второй стимул и решить, совпадают они или нет. В интервале времени 80–280 мс после второго стимула были зарегистрированы компоненты ПСС: <italic>N1<sub>O</sub></italic> в затылочных отведениях,<sub> </sub><italic>N1<sub>T</sub></italic> и <italic>Р2 </italic>– в задневисочных отведениях. <italic>N1<sub>O</sub></italic>, <italic>N1<sub>T</sub></italic>, <italic>Р2</italic> при предъявлении второго стимула-слова отличались по величине и латентности от компонент ПСС в ответ на изображение. После второго стимула-слова не было выявлено различий ПСС в задневисочных и затылочных компонентах <italic>N1<sub>O</sub></italic>, <italic>N1<sub>T</sub></italic>, <italic>Р2</italic> при сравнении ответов на совпадение и несовпадение стимулов. Решение задачи на сравнение двух слов не отражается в изменении всех рассмотренных компонентов ПСС. В тестах на совпадение-несовпадение двух зрительных стимулов после второго стимула-картинки величина затылочных и задневисочных компонентов <italic>N1</italic><sub>O</sub>, <italic>N1<sub>T</sub></italic> была больше при совпадении стимулов. Такие различия, предположительно, связаны с облегчением восприятия изображения при его повторном предъявлении. Колебание <italic>Р2</italic> регистрировалось в задневисочных отделах только в ответ на второй несовпадающий стимул-картинку в паре, изменение величины этого компонента ПСС, по мнению авторов данной статьи, вызвано двумя причинами – физическим повторением стимула и рассогласованием с образом в рабочей памяти.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>working memory</kwd><kwd>word-picture comparison</kwd><kwd>EEG</kwd><kwd>event-related potentials</kwd><kwd>P2</kwd><kwd>N170</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рабочая память</kwd><kwd>сравнение слов и изображений</kwd><kwd>ЭЭГ</kwd><kwd>связанные с событиями потенциалы (ПСС)</kwd><kwd>P2</kwd><kwd>N170</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Министерство науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Ministry of science and higher education of the Russian Federation</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>075-03-2022-250</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baklushev M.E., Ivanitsky G.A. 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