Human PhysiologyHuman PhysiologyФизиология человека0131-16463034-6150The Russian Academy of Sciences68531510.31857/S0131164625010114VLWXXNОБЗОРЫReview ArticleApplication of ultrasound to assess body composition and physiological changes in skeletal musclesПрименение ультразвука для оценки состава тела и физиологических изменений скелетных мышцBondarevaE. A.БондареваЭ. А.
Russian Federation
Bondareva.E@gmail.comGenerozovE. V.ГенерозовЭ. В.
Russian Federation
Bondareva.E@gmail.comArutyunyanA. A.АрутюнянА. А.
Russian Federation
Bondareva.E@gmail.comBevzyukN. A.БевзюкН. А.
Russian Federation
Bondareva.E@gmail.comPopovaE. V.ПоповаЕ. В.
Russian Federation
Bondareva.E@gmail.comParfentievaO. I.ПарфентьеваО. И.
Russian Federation
Bondareva.E@gmail.comLopukhin FRCC of Physical-Chemical Medicine of FMBAФГБУ Федеральный научно-клинический центр физико-химической медицины имени академика Ю.М. Лопухина ФМБАPirogov Russian National Research Medical UniversityРоссийский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. ПироговаGorno-Altaisk State UniversityФГБОУ ВО Горно-Алтайский государственный университет1502202551112313619062025Copyright ©; 2025, Russian Academy of SciencesCopyright ©; 2025, Российская академия наук2025Russian Academy of SciencesРоссийская академия наукhttps://transsyst.ru/0131-1646/article/view/685315

Ultrasound (US) is widely used in medicine; however, the capabilities of this method go far beyond clinical diagnostics. Over the past half century, the West has been actively developing the direction of using ultrasound to assess body composition, muscle changes under physical activity, assess muscle composition by fiber type, and analyze changes in fat and muscle components of body composition over time. Compaction of sizes, technological evolution of the transmitter, new algorithms for recording and processing the reflected signal contributed to the creation of ultra-light, high-power ultrasound scanners with high resolution, which are synchronized with the smartphone of an ultrasound diagnostic specialist. Among specialists in the field of sports and muscle activity, cheaper ultrasound devices are also becoming widespread, which allow measurements in A- and B-modes in healthy people. This review presents modern areas of ultrasound use outside the field of medical diagnostics and the application of this method in sports physiology and anthropology, as well as the limitations of the method and prospects for its development.

Ультразвук (УЗ) широко используется в медицине, однако возможности данного метода выходят широко за пределы клинической диагностики. Последние полвека на Западе активно развивается направление использования УЗ для оценки состава тела, изменений мышц под действием физической нагрузки, оценки состава мышцы по типу волокон, а также анализа изменений жирового и мышечного компонентов состава тела в динамике. Компактизация размеров, технологическая эволюция передатчика, новые алгоритмы фиксации и обработки отраженного сигнала способствовали созданию ультралегких, высокомощных УЗ-сканеров с высокой разрешающей способностью, которые синхронизируются со смартфоном специалиста ультразвуковой диагностики. Среди специалистов в области спорта и мышечной деятельности распространение получают и более дешевые УЗ-аппараты, которые позволяют проводить измерения в А- и В-режимах у здоровых людей. В данном обзоре представлены современные направления использования ультразвука вне сферы медицинской диагностики и приложения данного метода в спортивной физиологии и антропологии, а также ограничения метода и перспективы его развития.

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