<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Human Physiology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Human Physiology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Физиология человека</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0131-1646</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-6150</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">685309</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S0131164625010057</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">VMZBHQ</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Influence of head-up tilt on respiratory-related oscillations of blood pressure and heart rate at different inspiration/expiration phase ratio</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Влияние ортостаза на связанные с дыханием колебания артериального давления и ритма сердца при разном соотношении фаз вдоха и выдоха</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhedyaev</surname><given-names>R. Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жедяев</surname><given-names>Р. Ю.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>zhedyaev-r@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Borovika</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Боровик</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>zhedyaev-r@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tarasova</surname><given-names>O. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тарасова</surname><given-names>О. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>zhedyaev-r@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vinogradova</surname><given-names>O. L.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Виноградова</surname><given-names>О. Л.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>microgravity@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Biomedical Problems, RAS</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУН ГНЦ РФ – Институт медико-биологических проблем РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Moscow State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-02-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>51</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>52</fpage><lpage>62</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-06-19"><day>19</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Российская академия наук</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Российская академия наук</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://transsyst.ru/0131-1646/article/view/685309">https://transsyst.ru/0131-1646/article/view/685309</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Сardiovascular diseases are commonly associated with disturbances in parasympathetic heart rhythm control, so the development of new methods for assessing vagal cardiotropic influences is an important biomedical task. This work aimed a studying the synchronization of respiration-related oscillations of mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) depending on the duration of the expiration phase, during which cardiac vagal influences increase. In the study involving nine young men, a passive head-up test was performed at a fixed respiratory rate of 0.2 Hz (12 cycles/min) and different ratios of the inspiration and expiration phase durations: 30/70% and 70/30%. Blood pressure, HR, and pulmonary ventilation were continuously recorded during the experiment. In the supine position, the power of HR oscillations at the respiratory frequency was significantly higher with longer expiratory phase, the power of MAP oscillations; the phase synchronization index, and the phase difference between HR and MAP oscillations did not depend on the breathing pattern. During verticalization of the body, the power of HR oscillations decreased: with 30% expiratory phase – to a lower level than with 70% expiratory phase. The power of MAP oscillations increased and the phase difference between MAP and HR oscillations decreased during orthostasis regardless of the duration of the inspiratory phase, but increased synchronization of MAP and HR oscillations was observed only during a short inspiratory phase. Thus, the phase structure of the respiratory cycle can significantly affect the power of respiration-related HR oscillations and their synchronization with MAP oscillations of the corresponding frequency.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Многие сердечно-сосудистые заболевания сопряжены с нарушением парасимпатической регуляции ритма сердца, поэтому поиск новых способов оценки вагусных кардиотропных влияний является важной биомедицинской задачей. Целью работы было исследование синхронизации связанных с дыханием колебаний среднего артериального давления (АД<sub>ср</sub>) и частоты сердечных сокращений (ЧСС) в зависимости от длительности фазы выдоха, во время которой происходит повышение вагусных влияний на сердце. В исследовании с участием девяти молодых мужчин проводили пассивный ортостатический тест при фиксированной частоте дыхания 0.2 Гц (12 циклов/мин) и разном соотношении длительности фаз вдоха и выдоха: 30/70% и 70/30%. Во время эксперимента непрерывно регистрировали давление крови, ЧСС и легочную вентиляцию. В положении лежа мощность колебаний ЧСС на частоте дыхания была значительно выше при более длительной фазе выдоха, мощность колебаний АД<sub>ср</sub>, индекс фазовой синхронизации и разность фаз колебаний ЧСС и АД<sub>ср</sub> не зависели от паттерна дыхания. Во время вертикализации тела мощность колебаний ЧСС снижалась: при длительности фазы выдоха 30% – до более низкого уровня, чем при фазе выдоха 70%. Мощность колебаний АД<sub>ср, </sub>увеличивалась, а разность фаз между колебаниями АД<sub>ср</sub> и ЧСС уменьшалась при ортостазе независимо от длительности фазы вдоха, но усиление синхронизации колебаний АД<sub>ср</sub> и ЧСС наблюдалось только при короткой фазе вдоха. Таким образом, фазовая структура дыхательного цикла может существенно влиять на мощность связанных с дыханием колебаний ЧСС и их синхронизацию с соответствующими по частоте колебаниями АД<sub>ср</sub>.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>respiratory sinus arrhythmia</kwd><kwd>wavelet analysis</kwd><kwd>phase synchronization index</kwd><kwd>phase difference</kwd><kwd>head-up test</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>дыхательная синусовая аритмия</kwd><kwd>вейвлет-анализ</kwd><kwd>индекс фазовой синхронизации</kwd><kwd>разность фаз</kwd><kwd>ортостатический тест</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский научный фонд</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Science Foundation</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>23-25-00293</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baevsky R.M., Ivanov G.G., Chireikin L.V. et al. Analysis of heart rate variability when using various electrocardiographic systems // Vestnik of Arhythmology. 2003. № 24. P. 65.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Баевский Р.М., Иванов Г.Г., Чирейкин Л.В. и др. Анализ вариабельности сердечного ритма при использовании различных электрокардиографических систем (методические рекомендации) // Вестник аритмологии. 2002. № 24. С. 65.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Camm A., Malik M., Bigger J. Heart rate variability. Standards of measurement, physiological interpretation, and clinical use. Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and the North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology // Eur. Heart J. 1996. V. 17. № 3. P. 354.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Malpas S.C. Neural influences on cardiovascular variability: possibilities and pitfalls // Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 2002. V. 282. № 1. P. H6.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Julien C. An update on the enigma of Mayer waves // Cardiovasc. Res. 2020. V. 116. № 14. P. e210.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Gourine A., Gourine A.V. Neural mechanisms of cardioprotection // Physiology (Bethesda). 2014. V. 29. № 2. P. 133.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Kollai M., Koizumi K. Reciprocal and non-reciprocal action of the vagal and sympathetic nerves innervating the heart // J. Auton. Nerv. Syst. 1979. V. 1. № 1. P. 33.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Costa-Silva J.H., Zoccal D.B., Machado B.H. Glutamatergic antagonism in the NTS decreases post-inspiratory drive and changes phrenic and sympathetic coupling during chemoreflex activation // J. Neurophysiol. 2010. V. 103. № 4. P. 2095.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Ottaviani M.M., Wright L., Dawood T., Macefield V.G. In vivo recordings from the human vagus nerve using ultrasound-guided microneurography // J. Physiol. 2020. V. 598. № 17. P. 3569.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Patros M., Ottaviani M.M., Wright L. et al. Quantification of cardiac and respiratory modulation of axonal activity in the human vagus nerve // J. Physiol. 2022. V. 600. № 13. P. 3113.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Saul J.P., Berger R.D., Albrecht P. et al. Transfer function analysis of the circulation: unique insights into cardiovascular regulation // Am. J. Physiol. 1991. V. 261. № 4. Pt. 2. P. H1231.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Clemson P.T., Hoag J.B., Cooke W.H. et al. Beyond the baroreflex: a new measure of autonomic regulation based on the time-frequency assessment of variability, phase coherence and couplings // Front. Netw. Physiol. 2022. V. 2. P. 891604.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Cohen M.A., Taylor J.A. Short-term cardiovascular oscillations in man: measuring and modelling the physiologies // J. Physiol. 2002. V. 542. Pt. 3. P. 669.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Tipton M.J., Harper A., Paton J.F.R., Costello J.T. The human ventilatory response to stress: rate or depth? // J. Physiol. 2017. V. 595. № 17. P. 5729.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Cooke W.H., Hoag J.B., Crossman A.A. et al. Human responses to upright tilt: a window on central autonomic integration // J. Physiol. 1999. V. 517. Pt. 2. P. 617.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Elstad M., Toska K., Chon K.H. et al. Respiratory sinus arrhythmia: Opposite effects on systolic and mean arterial pressure in supine humans // J. Physiol. 2001. V. 536. Pt. 1. P. 251.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Borovik A.S., Pavlova E.A., Zhedyaev R.Yu. et al. [Changes in the phase relationships of arterial pressure and heart rate oscillations during orthostasis: the effect of gravitational unloading] // Aviakosm. Ekolog. Med. 2024. V. 58. № 5. P. 25.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Боровик А.С., Павлова Е.А., Жедяев Р.Ю. и др. Изменение фазовых соотношений колебаний артериального давления и сердечного ритма при ортостазе: влияние гравитационной разгрузки // Авиакосм. и эколог. мед. 2024. Т. 58. № 5. С. 25.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Borovik A.S., Kuznetsov S.Y., Vinogradova O.L. Phase synchronization of arterial pressure and heart rate as a measure of baroreflex activity // IEEE Xplore. 2014. P. 217.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vinogradova O.L., Borovik A.S., Zhedyaev R.Yu., Tarasova O.S. Respiratory sinus arrhythmia: physiological mechanisms and relationship with systemic blood pressure fluctuations // Human Physiology. 2024. V. 50. № 3. P. 276.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Виноградова О.Л., Боровик А.С., Жедяев Р.Ю., Тарасова О.С. Дыхательная синусовая аритмия: физиологические механизмы и связь с колебаниями системного артериального давления // Физиология человека. 2024. Т. 50. № 3. С. 102.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Wesseling K.H., Jansen J.R., Settels J.J., Schreuder J.J. Computation of aortic flow from pressure in humans using a nonlinear, three-element model // J. Appl. Physiol. 1993. V. 74. № 5. P. 2566.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>Stauss H.M. Heart rate variability: Just a surrogate for mean heart rate? // Hypertension. 2014. V. 64. № 6. P. 1184.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>Lilly J.M., Olhede S.C. Generalized Morse Wavelets as a Superfamily of Analytic Wavelets // IEEE Trans. Signal Process. 2012. V. 60. № 11. P. 6036.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>Le Van Quyen M., Foucher J., Lachaux J.P. et al. Comparison of Hilbert transform and wavelet methods for the analysis of neuronal synchrony // J. Neurosci. Methods. 2001. V. 111. № 2. P. 83.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation>Rosenblum M., Pikovsky A., Kurths J. et al. Phase synchronization: From theory to data analysis // Handb. Biol. Phys. 2001. Chapter 9. V. 4. P. 279.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><mixed-citation>Borovik A.S., Orlova E.A., Tomilovskaya E.S. et al. Phase coupling between baroreflex oscillations of blood pressure and heart rate changes in 21-day dry immersion // Front. Physiol. 2020. V. 11. P. 455.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><mixed-citation>Zhedyaev R.Y., Tarasova O.S., Semenov Y.S. et al. The change in baroreflex regulation of heart rhythm after “dry” immersion appears during orthostasis, but not lower body negative pressure test // J. Evol. Biochem. Physiol. 2024. V. 60. № 1. P. 273.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><mixed-citation>Strauss-Blasche G., Moser M., Voica M. et al. Relative timing of inspiration and expiration affects respiratory sinus arrhythmia // Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol. 2000. V. 27. № 8. P. 601.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B27"><label>27.</label><mixed-citation>Bae D., Matthews J.J.L., Chen J.J., Mah L. Increased exhalation to inhalation ratio during breathing enhances high-frequency heart rate variability in healthy adults // Psychophysiology. 2021. V. 58. № 11. P. e13905.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B28"><label>28.</label><mixed-citation>Meehan Z.M., Shaffer F. Do longer exhalations increase HRV during slow-paced breathing? // Appl. Psychophysiol. Biofeedback. 2024. V. 49. № 3. P. 407.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B29"><label>29.</label><mixed-citation>Paprika D., Gingl Z., Rudas L., Zöllei E. Hemodynamic effects of slow breathing: does the pattern matter beyond the rate? // Acta Physiol. Hung. 2014. V. 101. № 3. P. 273.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B30"><label>30.</label><mixed-citation>Eckberg D.L., Cooke W.H., Diedrich A. et al. Respiratory modulation of human autonomic function on Earth // J. Physiol. 2016. V. 594. № 19. P. 5611.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B31"><label>31.</label><mixed-citation>Baselli G., Cerutti S., Badilini F. et al. Model for the assessment of heart period and arterial pressure variability interactions and of respiration influences // Med. Biol. Eng. Comput. 1994. V. 32. № 2. P. 143.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B32"><label>32.</label><mixed-citation>Pagani M., Lombardi F., Guzzetti S. et al. Power spectral analysis of heart rate and arterial pressure variabilities as a marker of sympatho-vagal interaction in man and conscious dog // Circ. Res. 1986. V. 59. № 2. P. 178.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B33"><label>33.</label><mixed-citation>Taylor J.A., Eckberg D.L. Fundamental relations between short-term RR interval and arterial pressure oscillations in humans // Circulation. 1996. V. 93. № 8. P. 1527.</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
