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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Human Physiology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Human Physiology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Физиология человека</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0131-1646</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-6150</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">663967</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S0131164622700126</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">AONUWY</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Coherence Dynamics in the EEG Rhythms during the Observation of Pro- and Antisocial Behavior in Children at an Early Age</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Динамика когерентности ритмов ЭЭГ при наблюдении за про- и антисоциальными действиями у детей в раннем возрасте</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Orekhova</surname><given-names>L. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Орехова</surname><given-names>Л. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>vpav55@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kulichenko</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Куличенко</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>vpav55@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Makhin</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Махин</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>vpav55@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mikhailova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Михайлова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>vpav55@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pavlenko</surname><given-names>V. B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Павленко</surname><given-names>В. Б.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>vpav55@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Vernadsky Crimean Federal University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Крымский федеральный университет имени В.И. Вернадского</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-01-01" publication-format="electronic"><day>01</day><month>01</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>49</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>17</fpage><lpage>27</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-02-25"><day>25</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2022, Л.С. Орехова, А.М. Куличенко, С.А. Махин, А.А. Михайлова, В.Б. Павленко</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2022, Л.С. Орехова, А.М. Куличенко, С.А. Махин, А.А. Михайлова, В.Б. Павленко</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Л.С. Орехова, А.М. Куличенко, С.А. Махин, А.А. Михайлова, В.Б. Павленко</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Л.С. Орехова, А.М. Куличенко, С.А. Махин, А.А. Михайлова, В.Б. Павленко</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://transsyst.ru/0131-1646/article/view/663967">https://transsyst.ru/0131-1646/article/view/663967</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p id="idm45181324312448">In children aged 17–43 months (mean age 31 months), who differently evaluated pro- and antisocial actions performed by puppet characters (groups with high and low indices of moral evaluation – IME), there have been revealed the group-specific changes in the coherence of EEG activity in each group. In high IME children, the observation of a prosocial action facilitated intrahemispheric interactions in the α-frequency range. In the low IME group, changes in α-rhythm coherence were multidirectional. In the high IME group, the situation of decision making on how to distribute the reward between the two characters who demonstrated either pro- or antisocial behavior evoked an increase in α-activity coherence between the frontal, central, parietal and occipital regions in the right hemisphere. In the low IME children, on the contrary, it decreased. No significant modulations of the EEG coherence in θ-frequency range have been revealed. For β-activity, significant modulations were found only in children with low IME. The obtained findings are discussed in the context of the functionality of the brain control systems and the role of intrahemispheric cortical interconnections in moral behavior organization.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p id="idm45181324311632">У детей 17–43 мес. (средний возраст 31 мес.), которые по-разному оценивали про- и антисоциальные действия кукольных персонажей (группы с высоким и низким индексом моральных оценок – ИМО), выявили специфические, для каждой из групп, изменения когерентности в разных частотных диапазонах электроэнцефалограммы (ЭЭГ). У детей с высоким ИМО наблюдение за просоциальным действием сопровождается усилением внутриполушарных взаимосвязей в α-диапазоне ЭЭГ, а в группе с низким ИМО – разнонаправленными изменениями когерентности α-активности. В группе с высоким ИМО принятие решения о распределении вознаграждения между персонажами, продемонстрировавшими про- или антисоциальное поведение, сопровождается ростом когерентности в α-диапазоне между лобными, центральными, теменными и затылочными регионами правого полушария, у детей с низким ИМО – снижением. Значимые модуляции когерентности ЭЭГ в θ-диапазоне не обнаружены, а для β-диапазона выявлены лишь у детей с низким ИМО. Полученные данные обсуждаются с учетом представлений об управляющих системах мозга и роли внутриполушарных корковых связей в организации морального поведения. Выявленные особенности когерентности θ-, α- и β-диапазонов ЭЭГ важны для понимания центральных механизмов становления моральных суждений у детей раннего возраста.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>early childhood</kwd><kwd>moral evaluation</kwd><kwd>EEG coherence.</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>дети раннего возраста</kwd><kwd>моральные оценки</kwd><kwd>когерентность ЭЭГ.</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Turiel E. Moral development. In Handbook of Child Psychology and Developmental Science. NY.: John Wiley &amp; Sons, 2015. P. 484.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Dahl A., Killen M. Moral reasoning enables developmental and societal change // Perspect. Psychol. Sci. 2021. V. 16. № 6. 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