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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Physics of Atomic Nuclei</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Physics of Atomic Nuclei</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Ядерная физика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0044-0027</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-6282</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">696594</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S0044002725040018</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading"><subject>ЯДРА. Эксперимент</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Benchmark Experiments Using Neutrons Produced by 21.5 MeV Proton Irradiation of a “Thick” Beryllium Target</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Бенчмарк-эксперименты с использованием нейтронов, образовавшихся в результате облучения “Толстой” вe-мишени протонами с энергией 21.5 МэВ</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Titarenko</surname><given-names>Yu. E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Титаренко</surname><given-names>Ю. Е.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>yury.titarenko@itep.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Arkhipov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Архипов</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Balyuk</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Балюк</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Batyaev</surname><given-names>V. F.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Батяев</surname><given-names>В. Ф.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Batyaeva</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Батяева</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Davidenko</surname><given-names>V. D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Давиденко</surname><given-names>В. Д.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhivun</surname><given-names>V. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Живун</surname><given-names>В. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zaritskiy</surname><given-names>Ya. O.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зарицкий</surname><given-names>Я. О.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kovalishin</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ковалишин</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kotelniy</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Котельный</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kirsanov</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кирсанов</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kulevoy</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кулевой</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mednikov</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Медников</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Novikov</surname><given-names>B. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Новиков</surname><given-names>Б. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Orlov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Орлов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pavlov</surname><given-names>K. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Павлов</surname><given-names>К. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Stolbunov</surname><given-names>V. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Столбунов</surname><given-names>В. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Titarenko</surname><given-names>A. Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Титаренко</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tikhonov</surname><given-names>R. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тихонов</surname><given-names>Р. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shlenskii</surname><given-names>M. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шленский</surname><given-names>М. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kovalenko</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коваленко</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">NRC “Kurchatov Institute”, Moscow, Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">НИЦ “Курчатовский институт”, Москва, Россия</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-08-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>88</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 88, NO4 (2025)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 88, №4 (2025)</issue-title><fpage>305</fpage><lpage>316</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-11-20"><day>20</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Российская академия наук</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Российская академия наук</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2026-08-15"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://transsyst.ru/0044-0027/article/view/696594">https://transsyst.ru/0044-0027/article/view/696594</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>A total of 77 experimental values of reaction rates for the (n, 2n), (n, p), (n, pn), (n, α), (n, γ), and (n, f) channels were obtained in the neutron spectrum generated by 21.5 MeV protons irradiating a beryllium target. The measurements were carried out using both natural and highly enriched samples of the following elements: natNi, natZr, natNb, natCd, natTi, natCo, 63,65,natCu, 64Zn, natIn, natAl, natMg, natFe, natAu and natTh. The experiments were performed using the activation technique without destructive analysis of the irradiated samples. Reaction products were measured via γ-ray spectrometry employing two coaxial high-purity germanium (HP Ge) detectors and one planar detector. The acquired γ-spectra were processed using the GENIE2000 software suite. Independent and/or cumulative reaction rates were calculated using the SIGMA code. In total, 77 reaction products were identified, with half-lives ranging from 9.458 minutes (27Mg) to 5.27 years (60Co). The resulting dataset was utilized to assess the predictive capabilities of the PHITS-3.31 code coupled with the JENDL-5 nuclear data library, as applied to the modeling of blanket systems in hybrid reactor facilities.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Представлено 77 экспериментальных значений (n, 2n), (n, p), (n, pn), (n, n′γ), (n, α), (n, γ) и (n, f) скоростей реакций, измеренных в спектре нейтронов, образовавшихся в результате облучения Ве-мишени протонами с энергией 21.5 МэВ, с использованием образцов природного и высокообогащенного состава: natNi, natZr, natNb, natCd, natTi, natCo, 63,65,natCu, 64Zn, natIn, natAl, natMg, natFe, natAu, natTh. Эксперименты выполнены активационным методом без разрушения облученных образцов. Измерение продуктов реакций осуществлялось с помощью γ-спектрометров на базе двух коаксиальных HP-детекторов и одного планарного детектора. Обработка γ-спектров облученных образцов осуществлялась с помощью пакета программ GENIE2000. Расчет независимых и/или кумулятивных скоростей реакций осуществлялся по программе SIGMA. Всего идентифицировано 77 продуктов реакций с периодом полураспада от 9.458 мин (27Mg) до 5.27 лет (60Co). С использованием полученных данных определена предсказательная способность программы PHITS-3.31 с библиотекой JENDL-5, используемой для расчета бланкетов гибридных реакторных установок.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Бенчмарк-эксперимент</kwd><kwd>Be-мишень</kwd><kwd>протон</kwd><kwd>нейтрон</kwd><kwd>скорость реакции</kwd><kwd>спектр нейтронов</kwd><kwd>среднее сечение</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа проведена в рамках выполнения государственного плана задания НИЦ “Курчатовский институт”, расчеты выполнены с использованием оборудования центра коллективного пользования “Комплекс моделирования и обработки данных исследовательских установок мега-класса” НИЦ “Курчатовский институт”.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>S. A. Balyuk, V. F. Batyaev, K. G. Chernov, V. M. Chernov, V. D. Davidenko, D. N. Demidov, A. V. Golubeva, A. N. 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