<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Journal of Ichthyology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Journal of Ichthyology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вопросы ихтиологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0042-8752</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-5146</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">683960</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S0042875225020096</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">CWCAXG</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Taste responses of carp fishes (Cyprinidae) to carboxylic acids. 1. Taste preferences</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вкусовые ответы карповых рыб (Cyprinidae) на карбоновые кислоты. 1. Вкусовые предпочтения</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kasumyan</surname><given-names>А. O.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Касумян</surname><given-names>А. О.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>alex_kasumyan@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mikhailova</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Михайлова</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>alex_kasumyan@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский государственный университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-03-01" publication-format="electronic"><day>01</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>65</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>227</fpage><lpage>240</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-06-10"><day>10</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Российская академия наук</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Российская академия наук</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://transsyst.ru/0042-8752/article/view/683960">https://transsyst.ru/0042-8752/article/view/683960</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The palatability of carboxylic and some other organic acids (10<sup>− 1 </sup>M) for dace <italic>Leuciscus leuciscus</italic>, roach <italic>Rutilus rutilus</italic>,<italic> </italic>and common carp <italic>Cyprinus carpio </italic>was assessed<italic>. </italic>The conclusion about species specificity of taste preferences in fishes was confirmed. Four out of 17 carboxylic acids stimulate consumption of pellets in dace, of which formic acid has the strongest effect. A significant decrease in consumption is caused by ten acids. For roach, no palatable carboxylic acids were found; most of them (13 out of 15) have a repulsive taste. For common carp, four acids have attractive taste, one (malonic acid) has repulsive taste, and the remaining 11 acids have no effect on pellet consumption. The stimulating effect of the acids persists up to concentrations of 10<sup>−4 </sup>and 10<sup>−3 </sup>M. Among the carboxylic acids, there is not one with the same taste properties for the studied fish. No significant similarity was found between dace, roach, common carp, and other fish species in terms of palatability of carboxylic acids. A direct dependence of pellet consumption on pH of carboxylic acid solutions was observed in roach and dace, while it was absent in common carp. The dependence of the palatability of carboxylic acids on the size of their molecule is weakly expressed. Structural transformations of the acid molecule do not always lead to shifts in taste properties, and in different species, they may not coincide or be opposite. Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) has a repulsive taste for roach, indifferent for dace, and attractive for common carp, which confirms the lack of relationship between physiological needs in essential micronutrients and their palatability, shown earlier on the example of amino acids.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Оценена вкусовая привлекательность карбоновых и некоторых других органических кислот (10<sup>−1</sup> М) для ельца <italic>Leuciscus leuciscus</italic>,<italic> </italic>плотвы <italic>Rutilus rutilus</italic> и карпа <italic>Cyprinus carpio.</italic> Подтверждён вывод о видовой специфичности вкусовых предпочтений у рыб. У ельца потребление гранул стимулируют четыре карбоновые кислоты из 17, из них муравьиная кислота наиболее сильная по действию. Достоверное снижение потребления вызывают 10 кислот. Для плотвы привлекательные по вкусу карбоновые кислоты не обнаружены, большинство их (13 из 15) имеют отталкивающий вкус. Для карпа привлекательным вкусом обладают четыре кислоты, отталкивающим — одна (малоновая), остальные 11 кислот влияния на потребление гранул не оказывают. Стимулирующее действие кислот сохраняется до концентраций 10<sup>−4</sup> и 10<sup>−3</sup> М. Среди карбоновых кислот нет ни одной, обладающей одинаковыми свойствами для исследованных рыб. Значимого сходства между ельцом, плотвой, карпом и другими видами рыб по вкусовой привлекательности карбоновых кислот не обнаружено. У плотвы и ельца наблюдается прямая зависимость потребления гранул от pH растворов карбоновых кислот, у карпа она отсутствует. Зависимость вкусовой привлекательности карбоновых кислот от размера их молекулы выражена слабо. Структурные преобразования молекулы кислот не всегда приводят к сдвигам вкусовых свойств, причём у разных видов они могут не совпадать или быть противоположными. Аскорбиновая кислота (витамин С) обладает отталкивающим вкусом для плотвы, индифферентным для ельца и привлекательным для карпа, что подтверждает отсутствие связи между физиологическими потребностями в незаменимых микронутриентах и их вкусовой привлекательностью, показанное ранее на примере аминокислот.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>carp fishes</kwd><kwd>Cyprinidae</kwd><kwd>gustatory system</kwd><kwd>taste reception</kwd><kwd>taste preferences</kwd><kwd>taste attractiveness</kwd><kwd>carboxylic acids</kwd><kwd>dace Leuciscus leuciscus</kwd><kwd>roach Rutilus rutilus</kwd><kwd>common carp Cyprinus carpio</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>карповые рыбы</kwd><kwd>Cyprinidae</kwd><kwd>вкусовая система</kwd><kwd>вкусовая рецепция</kwd><kwd>вкусовые предпочтения</kwd><kwd>вкусовая привлекательность</kwd><kwd>карбоновые кислоты</kwd><kwd>елец Leuciscus leuciscus</kwd><kwd>плотва Rutilus rutilus</kwd><kwd>карп Cyprinus carpio</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский научный фонд</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Science Foundation</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>24-24-00009</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Касумян A.O. 1997. Вкусовая рецепция и пищевое поведение рыб // Вопр. ихтиологии. Т. 37. № 1. С. 78–93.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Касумян A.O. 2016. Вкусовая привлекательность и физико-химические и биологические свойства свободных аминокислот (на примере рыб) // Журн. эволюц. биохимии и физиологии. Т. 52. № 4. С. 245–254.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Касумян А.О., Исаева О.М. 2023. Вкусовые предпочтения карповых рыб (Cyprinidae). Сравнительное исследование // Вопр. ихтиологии. Т. 63. № 1. С. 81–109. https://doi.org/10.31857/S0042875223010071</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Касумян А.О., Морси А.М.Х. 1996. Вкусовая чувствительность карпа к свободным аминокислотам и классическим вкусовым веществам // Там же. Т. 36. Вып. 3. С. 386–399.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Касумян А.О., Прокопова О.М. 2001. Вкусовые предпочтения и динамика вкусового поведенческого ответа у линя Tinca tinca (Cyprinidae) // Там же. Т. 41. № 5. С. 670–685.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Левина А.Д., Касумян А.О. 2024. Вкусовая привлекательность изомеров аминокислот для цихлидовых рыб (Cichlidae) // Там же. Т. 64. № 1. С. 94–106. https://doi.org/10.31857/S0042875224010095</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Михайлова Е.С., Касумян А.О. 2018. Вкусовые свойства карбоновых кислот для девятииглой колюшки Pungitius pungitius // Там же. Т. 58. № 4. С. 496–502. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0042875218040124</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Adams M.A., Johnsen P.B., Zhou H.-Q. 1988. Chemical enhancement of feeding for the herbivorous fish Tilapia zillii // Aquaculture. V. 72. № 1–2. P. 95–107. https://doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(88)90150-0</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Breslin P.A.S. 2013. An evolutionary perspective on food and human taste // Curr. Biol. V. 23. № 9. P. R409–R418. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2013.04.010</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Caprio J. 1975. High sensitivity of catfish taste receptors to amino acids // Comp. Biochem. Physiol. Pt. A. Physiol. V. 52. № 1. P. 247–251. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0300-9629(75)80160-5</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>CoSeteng M.Y., McLellan M.R., Downing D.L. 1989. Influence of titratable acidity and pH on intensity of sourness of citric, malic, tartaric, lactic and acetic acid solutions on the overall acceptability of imitation apple juice // Can. Inst. Food Sci. Technol. J. V. 22. № 1. P. 46–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0315-5463(89)70300-X</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Da Conceicao Neta E.R., Johanningsmeier S.D., Drake M.A., McFeeters R.F. 2007. A chemical basis for sour taste perception of acid solutions and fresh-pack dill pickles // J. Food. Sci. V. 72. № 6. P. S352–S359. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-3841.2007.00400.x</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Dabrowski K. 2000. Ascorbic acid in aquatic organisms: status and perspectives. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 280 p. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781420036312</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Dabrowski K., Hinterleitner S., Sturmbauer C. et al. 1988. Do carp larvae require vitamin C? // Aquaculture. V. 72. № 3–4. P. 295–306. https://doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(88)90218-9</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Dabrowski K., Segner H., Dallinger R. et al. 1989. Rearing of cyprinid fish larvae: the vitamin C–minerals interrelationship and nutrition-related histology of the liver and intestine of roach (Rutilus rutilus L.) // J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr. № 62. № 1–5. P. 188–202. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0396.1989.tb00834.x</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Daldorph P.W.G., Thomas J.D. 1991. Snail cadavers as sources of short-chain carboxylic acids to scavenging freshwater invertebrates // Hydrobiologia. V. 209. № 2. P. 133–140. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00006925</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Drouin G., Godin J.-R., Pagé B. 2011. The genetics of vitamin C loss in vertebrates // Curr. Genomics. V. 12. № 5. P. 371–378. https://doi.org/10.2174/138920211796429736</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Frank H.E.R., Amato K., Trautwein M. et al. 2022. The evolution of sour taste // Proc. R. Soc. B. V. 289. № 1968. Article 20211918. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2021.1918</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Froese R., Pauly D. (eds.). 2025. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication (www.fishbase.org. Version 02/2025).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>Ganzevles P.G.J., Kroeze J.H.A. 1987. The sour taste of acids. The hydrogen ion and the undissociated acid as sour agents // Chem. Senses. V. 12. № 4. P. 563–576. https://doi.org/10.1093/CHEMSE/12.4.563</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>Giles N., Street M., Wright R.M. 1990. Diet composition and prey preference of tench, Tinca tinca (L.), common bream, Abramis brama (L.), perch, Perca fluviatilis L. and roach, Rutilus rutilus (L.), in two contrasting gravel pit lakes: potential trophic overlap with wildfowl // J. Fish Biol. V. 37. № 6. P. 945–957. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1990.tb03598.x</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>Hara T.J. 2006. Gustation // Fish physiology: Sensory systems neuroscience. San Diego; London: Acad. Press. P. 45–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1546-5098(06)25002-7</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation>Jiang P., Josue J., Li X. et al. 2012. Major taste loss in carnivorous mammals // PNAS. V. 109. № 13. P. 4956–4961. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1118360109</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><mixed-citation>Kasumyan A. 2024. The taste system in fish // Encyclopedia of fish physiology (Second edition). Amsterdam et al.: Acad. Press. P. 106–123. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-90801-6.00118-X</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><mixed-citation>Kasumyan A., Døving K.B. 2003. Taste preferences in fish // Fish Fish. V. 4. № 4. Р. 289–347. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1467-2979.2003.00121.x</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><mixed-citation>Kasumyan A.O., Mouromtsev G.E. 2020. The teleost fish, blue gourami Trichopodus trichopterus, distinguishes the taste of chemically similar substances // Sci. Rep. V. 10. Article 7487. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-64556-6</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B27"><label>27.</label><mixed-citation>Lammens E.H.R.R., Hoogenboezem W. 1991. Diets and feeding behavior // Cyprinid fishes. Dordrecht: Springer. P. 353–376. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3092-9_12</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B28"><label>28.</label><mixed-citation>Laska M., Persson Suorra J., Rivas Bautista R.M., Hernandez Salazar L.T. 2008. Taste difference thresholds for monosodium glutamate and sodium chloride in pigtail macaques (Macaca nemestrina) and spider monkeys (Ateles geoffroyi) // Am. J. Primatol. V. 70. № 9. P. 839–847. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajp.20558</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B29"><label>29.</label><mixed-citation>Laska M., Rivas Bautista R.M., Hernandez Salazar L.T. 2009. Gustatory responsiveness to six bitter tastants in three species of nonhuman primates // J. Chem. Ecol. V. 35. № 5. P. 560–571. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10886-009-9630-8</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B30"><label>30.</label><mixed-citation>Levina A.D., Mikhailova E.S., Kasumyan A.O. 2021. Taste preferences and feeding behavior in the facultative herbivore fish, Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus // J. Fish Biol. V. 98. № 1. P. 1385–1400. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.14675</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B31"><label>31.</label><mixed-citation>Li X., Li W., Wang H. et al. 2005. Pseudogenization of a sweet-receptor gene accounts for cats’ indifference toward sugar // PLoS Genet. V. 1. № 1. Article e3. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.0010003</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B32"><label>32.</label><mixed-citation>Lim L.-S., Lai S.-K.J., Yong A.S.-K. et al. 2017. Feeding response of marble goby (Oxyeleotris marmorata) to organic acids, amino acids, sugars and some classical taste substances // Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. V. 196. P. 113–118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2017.06.014</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B33"><label>33.</label><mixed-citation>Liu C., Meng F., Tang X. et al. 2018. Comparison of nonvolatile taste active compounds of wild and cultured mud crab Scylla paramamosain // Fish. Sci. V. 84. № 5. P. 897–907. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12562-018-1227-0</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B34"><label>34.</label><mixed-citation>Mai K., Waagbø R., Zhou X.Q. et al. 2022. Vitamins // Fish nutrition (Four edition). London: Acad. Press. P. 57–179. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-819587-1.00014-8</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B35"><label>35.</label><mixed-citation>Marui T., Caprio J. 1992. Teleost gustation // Fish chemoreception. Dordrecht: Springer. P. 171–198. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2332-7_9</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B36"><label>36.</label><mixed-citation>Marui T., Harada S., Kasahara Y. 1983. Gustatory specificity for amino acids in the facial taste system of the carp, Cyprinus carpio L // J. Comp. Physiol. V. 153. № 3. P. 299–308. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00612584</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B37"><label>37.</label><mixed-citation>Morais S. 2017. The physiology of taste in fish: potential implications for feeding stimulation and gut chemical sensing // Rev. Fish. Sci. Aquac. V. 25. № 2. P. 133–149. https://doi.org/10.1080/23308249.2016.1249279</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B38"><label>38.</label><mixed-citation>Nelson D.L., Cox M.M. 2021. Lehninger Principles of biochemistry. N.Y.: W.H. Freeman and Сo., 4381 p.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B39"><label>39.</label><mixed-citation>Nutrient requirements of fish and shrimp. 2011. Washington: Natl. Acad. Press, 376 p. https://doi.org/10.17226/13039</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B40"><label>40.</label><mixed-citation>Roper S.D. 2014. TRPs in taste and chemesthesis // Mammalian transient receptor potential (TRP) cation channels. Cham: Springer. P. 827–871. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05161-1_5</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B41"><label>41.</label><mixed-citation>Sterry P.R., Thomas J.D., Patience R.L. 1985. Changes in the concentrations of short-chain carboxylic acids and gases during decomposition of the aquatic macrophytes Lemna paucicostata and Ceratophyllum demersum // Freshw. Biol. V. 15. № 2. P. 139–153. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.1985.tb00188.x</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B42"><label>42.</label><mixed-citation>Sutterlin A.M., Sutterlin N. 1970. Taste responses in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) parr // J. Fish. Res. Board Can. V. 27. № 11. P. 1927–1942. https://doi.org/10.1139/f70-218</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B43"><label>43.</label><mixed-citation>Tan M., Armbruster J.W. 2018. Phylogenetic classification of extant genera of fishes of the order Cypriniformes (Teleostei: Ostariophysi) // Zootaxa. V. 4476. № 1. P. 6–39. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4476.1.4</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B44"><label>44.</label><mixed-citation>Tu Y.-H., Cooper A.J., Teng B. et al. 2018. An evolutionarily conserved gene family encodes proton-selective ion channels // Science. V. 359. № 6379. P. 1047– 1050. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aao3264</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B45"><label>45.</label><mixed-citation>Whitear M. 1992. Solitary chemosensory cells // Fish chemoreception. Dordrecht: Springer. P. 103–125. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2332-7_6</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B46"><label>46.</label><mixed-citation>Xie S., Zhang L., Wang D. 2003. Effects of several organic acids on the feeding behavior of Tilapia nilotica // J. Appl. Ichthyol. V. 19. № 4. P. 255–257. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0426.2003.00451.x</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B47"><label>47.</label><mixed-citation>Yoshii K., Kamo N., Kurihara K., Kobatake Y. 1979. Gustatory responses of eel palatine receptors to amino acids and carboxylic acids // J. Gen. Physiol. V. 74. № 3. P. 301–317. https://doi.org/10.1085/jgp.74.3.301</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B48"><label>48.</label><mixed-citation>Zhao H., Yang J.-R., Xu H., Zhang J. 2010. Pseudogenization of the umami taste receptor gene Tas1r1 in the giant panda coincided with its dietary switch to bamboo // Mol. Biol. Evol. V. 27. № 12. P. 2669–2673. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msq153</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B49"><label>49.</label><mixed-citation>Zhu K., Zhou X., Xu S. et al. 2014. The loss of taste genes in cetaceans // BMC Evol. Biol. V. 14. Article 218. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-014-0218-8</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
