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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Theoretical Foundations of Chemical Engineering</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Theoretical Foundations of Chemical Engineering</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Теоретические основы химической технологии</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0040-3571</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-6053</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">686517</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S0040357125010105</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">txgauq</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Crystallization and solubility of KSc(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub> for improving the efficiency of scandium extraction</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Кристаллизация и растворимость KSc(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub> для повышения эффективности извлечения скандия</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Medyankina</surname><given-names>I. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Медянкина</surname><given-names>И. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>pasechnik@ihim.uran.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pasechnik</surname><given-names>L. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пасечник</surname><given-names>Л. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>pasechnik@ihim.uran.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Solid State Chemistry of Ural Branch of RAS</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт химии твердого тела УрО РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-01-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>01</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>59</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>86</fpage><lpage>93</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-07-01"><day>01</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-07-01"><day>01</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Российская академия наук</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Российская академия наук</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://transsyst.ru/0040-3571/article/view/686517">https://transsyst.ru/0040-3571/article/view/686517</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In the development of methods for the efficient extraction and concentration of rare earth elements (REE), as well as for the removal of impurities of related metals, the solubility of salts, in particular sulfates, often used in hydrometallurgy as intermediates, is of great importance. In this work, the precipitation of complex potassium scandium sulfate KSc(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>, whose crystals are elongated hexagonal prisms 5–10 μm wide and 20–50 μm long, was proposed for the extraction of scandium from sulfate solutions. The absence of crystallization water and the presence of a reversible phase transition around 447°C are shown by DTA method. The solubility of KSc(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub> in water at 25°C was 0.28±0.01 wt.% Sc. A decrease in the solubility of KSc(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub> was achieved by increasing the concentration of sulfuric acid (H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>) over 3–4 mol/L. Additional introduction of 0.5 mol/L K<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> reduces the solubility of scandium as a complex compound by an order of magnitude and increases the efficiency of scandium extraction from sulfate solutions. Experimental results on the solubility of KSc(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub> are described by the change in the ionic strength of the solution in the presence of homonymous ions (K<sup>+</sup> and HSO<sub>4</sub><sup>–</sup>). The degree of scandium extraction from sulfate solutions with the addition of 0.5 mol/L K<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> is more than 99%. The principal technological scheme of scandium extraction from red slimes with crystallization of KSc(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub> is proposed. The results will be useful for the development of methods of metal separation at sulfuric acid processing of raw materials and expansion of methods for obtaining concentrates and pure metal oxides, as well as for studying the behavior of REE compounds close in properties.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>При разработке способов эффективного извлечения и концентрирования редкоземельных элементов (РЗЭ), а также при удалении примесей сопутствующих металлов большое значение имеет растворимость солей, в частности, сульфатов, зачастую используемых в гидрометаллургии в качестве промежуточных продуктов. В данной работе для извлечения скандия из сульфатных растворов предложено осаждение комплексного сульфата скандия калия KSc(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>, кристаллы которого представляют собой удлиненные гексагональные призмы шириной 5–10 мкм и длиной 20–50 мкм. Методом ДТА показано отсутствие кристаллизационной воды, а также наличие обратимого фазового перехода около 447°С. Растворимость KSc(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub> в воде при 25°С составила 0.28±0.01 мас. % Sc. Понижение растворимости KSc(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub> достигается повышением концентрации серной кислоты более 3–4 моль/л H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>. Дополнительное введение 0.5 моль/л K<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> позволяет на порядок снизить растворимость скандия в виде комплексного соединения и повысить эффективность извлечения скандия из сульфатных растворов. Экспериментальные результаты по растворимости KSc(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub> описываются изменением ионной силы раствора в присутствии одноименных ионов (K<sup>+</sup> и HSO<sub>4</sub><sup>–</sup>). Степень извлечения скандия из сульфатных растворов с добавкой 0.5 моль/л K<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> составляет более 99%. Предложена принципиальная технологическая схема извлечения скандия из красных шламов с кристаллизацией<italic> </italic>KSc(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>. Результаты будут полезны для разработки методов разделения металлов при сернокислотной переработке сырья и расширения способов получения концентратов и чистых оксидов металлов, а также при изучении поведения близких по свойствам соединений РЗЭ.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>scandium sulfate</kwd><kwd>potassium sulfate</kwd><kwd>complexation</kwd><kwd>solubility</kwd><kwd>crystallization</kwd><kwd>hydrometallurgy</kwd><kwd>extraction</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>сульфат скандия</kwd><kwd>сульфат калия</kwd><kwd>комплексообразование</kwd><kwd>растворимость</kwd><kwd>кристаллизация</kwd><kwd>гидрометаллургия</kwd><kwd>извлечение</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский Научный Фонд</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Science Foundation</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>24-29-20278</award-id></award-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Правительство Свердловской области</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">The Government of the Sverdlovsk Region</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Гилярова А.А. 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