Russian Journal of GeneticsRussian Journal of GeneticsГенетика0016-67583034-5103The Russian Academy of Sciences70040910.7868/S3034510325120018ОБЗОРНЫЕ И ТЕОРЕТИЧЕСКИЕ СТАТЬИReview ArticleThe Use of Transgenic Plants Expressing Antimicrobial Peptide Genes as a Promising Strategy to Improve Plant Resistance to PhytopathogensИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ ТРАНСГЕННЫХ РАСТЕНИЙ, ЭКСПРЕССИРУЮЩИХ ГЕНЫ АНТИМИКРОБНЫХ ПЕПТИДОВ, – ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЙ МЕТОД ПОВЫШЕНИЯ УСТОЙЧИВОСТИ РАСТЕНИЙ К ФИТОПАТОГЕНАМOdintsovaT. IОдинцоваТ. Иodintsova2005@rambler.ruShiyanA. NШиянА. Н-SlezinaM. PСлезинаМ. П-Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of SciencesИнститут общей генетики им. Н.И. Вавилова Российской академии наук151220256112VOL 61, NO12 (2025)ТОМ 61, №12 (2025)31908012026Copyright ©; 2025, Russian Academy of SciencesCopyright ©; 2025, Российская академия наук2025Russian Academy of SciencesРоссийская академия наукhttps://transsyst.ru/0016-6758/article/view/700409

Plant diseases significantly reduce crop yields and deteriorate the quality of agricultural products. The review is devoted to the problem of increasing plant resistance to pathogens by creating transgenic plants expressing antimicrobial peptide (AMP) genes as one of the strategies for plant disease control. The review summarizes the main economically important plant diseases caused by pathogenic fungi and bacteria and describes methods of plant resistance against them. The need to develop new, environmentally friendly plant protection products from the defensive arsenal of the plants themselves, which could be incorporated into an integrated plant defense management instead of/alongside traditionally used chemical pesticides, is emphasized. Plant antimicrobial peptides could become such new biopesticides. The review outlines the main properties of AMPs that make them promising molecules for enhancing crop resistance to phytopathogens and provides numerous examples of transgenic plants developed under laboratory conditions in which incorporated AMP genes improved their resistance to infection. Thus, the described strategy may become an important component of integrated plant disease control strategy against phytopathogens in the future.

Болезни растений существенно снижают урожаи сельскохозяйственных культур и ухудшают качество сельскохозяйственной продукции. Обзор посвящен проблеме повышения устойчивости растений к патогенам путем создания трансгенных растений, экспрессирующих гены антимикробных пептидов (АМП), как одной из стратегий борьбы с болезнями растений. Кратко изложены основные экономически значимые болезни растений, вызываемые патогенными грибами и бактериями, и описаны методы борьбы с ними. Подчеркивается необходимость разработки новых экологически безопасных средств защиты растений из защитного арсенала самих растений, которые могли бы быть включены в систему интегрированной защиты вместе с традиционно используемыми химическими пестицидами. Такими новыми биопестицидами могут стать антимикробные пептиды растений. Изложены основные свойства АМП, которые делают их перспективными молекулами для повышения устойчивости сельскохозяйственных культур к фитопатогенам, и приводятся многочисленные примеры полученных в лабораторных условиях трансгенных растений, в которых экспрессируются гены АМП. Таким образом, описанная стратегия в перспективе сможет стать важной составляющей комплексной защиты растений от фитопатогенов.

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