Russian Journal of GeneticsRussian Journal of GeneticsГенетика0016-67583034-5103The Russian Academy of Sciences68616310.31857/S0016675825010023VFLMDBОБЗОРНЫЕ И ТЕОРЕТИЧЕСКИЕ СТАТЬИResearch ArticleRelationship of microRNAs with transposons in osteoarthritis developmentВзаимосвязь микроРНК с транспозонами в развитии остеоартритаMustafinR. N.МустафинР. Н.
Russian Federation
ruji79@mail.ruKhusnutdinovaЕ. К.ХуснутдиноваЭ. К.
Russian Federation
ruji79@mail.ruBashkir State Medical UniversityБашкирский государственный медицинский университетInstitute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Federal Research Centre, Russian Academy of SciencesИнститут биохимии и генетики – обособленное структурное подразделение Уфимского федерального исследовательского центра Российской академии наук15012025611243727062025Copyright ©; 2025, Russian Academy of SciencesCopyright ©; 2025, Российская академия наук2025Russian Academy of SciencesРоссийская академия наукhttps://transsyst.ru/0016-6758/article/view/686163

Conducted GWAS identified the association of osteoarthritis with more than 100 different SNPs, most of which are located in intronic and intergenic regions where genes encoding transposable elements and non-coding RNAs derived from them are located. A number of studies have also determined the activation of retroelements in joint tissues and in peripheral blood of patients with osteoarthritis. An assumption has been made that activated transposons, which cause aging and associated inflammation, influence the etiopathogenesis of osteoarthritis. To confirm this hypothesis, a search was conducted for data on changes in the expression of specific microRNAs derived from transposons during aging and osteoarthritis. As a result, 23 such microRNAs were found, the participation of which in the development of the disease is associated with an impact on genes and signaling pathways regulating cell proliferation and apoptosis, inflammatory and metabolic processes, and mechanisms of cartilage degradation. Changes in expression of these microRNAs indicate that the epigenetic mechanisms of aging are involved in osteoarthritis etiopathogenesis due to pathological activation of transposable elements complementary to the sequences of non-coding RNAs derived from them in evolution.

Согласно проведенным GWAS, остеоартрит ассоциирован с более 100 различными SNP, большинство из которых локализованы в интронных и межгенных областях, где расположены гены транспозонов и произошедших от них некодирующих РНК. В ряде исследований определена также активация ретротранспозонов в тканях суставов и в периферической крови пациентов с остеоартритом. Сделано предположение о влиянии на этиопатогенез остеоартрита активированных транспозонов, вызывающих старение и связанное с ним воспаление. Для подтверждения данной гипотезы проведен поиск данных об изменении экспрессии специфических микроРНК, произошедших от мобильных генетических элементов при старении и остеоартрите. В результате найдено 23 таких микроРНК, участие которых в развитии болезни связано с воздействием на гены и сигнальные пути регуляции пролиферации и апоптоза клеток, воспалительные и метаболические процессы, механизмы деградации хряща. Изменение экспрессии данных микроРНК свидетельствует о том, что эпигенетические механизмы старения вовлечены в этиопатогенез остеоартрита вследствие патологической активации транспозонов, комплементарных последовательностям некодирующих РНК, произошедших от них в эволюции.

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