Russian Journal of GeneticsRussian Journal of GeneticsГенетика0016-67583034-5103The Russian Academy of Sciences68616210.31857/S0016675825010016VFMYSMОБЗОРНЫЕ И ТЕОРЕТИЧЕСКИЕ СТАТЬИResearch ArticleThe role of long non-coding RNAs in plantsРоль длинных некодирующих РНК в растенияхPronozinА. Y.ПронозинА. Ю.
Russian Federation

Kurchatov Genomic Center

Курчатовский геномный центр

pronozinartem95@gmail.comAfonnikovD. A.АфонниковД. А.
Russian Federation

Kurchatov Genomic Center

Курчатовский геномный центр

pronozinartem95@gmail.comInstitute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesФедеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наукInstitute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of SciencesИнститут цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наукNovosibirsk National Research State UniversityНовосибирский национальный исследовательский государственный университет1501202561132327062025Copyright ©; 2025, Russian Academy of SciencesCopyright ©; 2025, Российская академия наук2025Russian Academy of SciencesРоссийская академия наукhttps://transsyst.ru/0016-6758/article/view/686162

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a class of linear or circular RNA molecules longer than 200 nucleotides without open reading frames. Experimental studies have shown the involvement of lncRNAs in the regulation of resistance to cold, salt, and heat stress, and in fruit, root, and leaf development. However, experimental methods are labor-intensive and costly approaches and cannot yet be used for genome-wide mass studies of lncRNAs. For this purpose, bioinformatic approaches that aim at large-scale recognition of lncRNA sequences in genomes and transcriptomes have been applied. However, despite the growing number of studies devoted to the structural and functional analysis of lncRNAs, this type of molecule remains poorly understood. This is due to the many factors that need to be considered when identifying lncRNAs. The use of pan-genomes and pan-transcriptomes will improve the efficiency of the study and the total number of predicted lncRNAs compared to using the genome of a single species representative. This review focuses on describing the molecular and biological functions of lncRNAs, experimental and bioinformatic methods of identification, patterns of evolution, detection and analysis of lncRNAs at the scale of pan-genomes and pan-transcriptomes.

Длинные некодирующие РНК (днРНК) представляют собой класс линейных или кольцевых молекул РНК длиной более 200 нуклеотидов без открытых рамок считывания. Экспериментальные исследования показали участие днРНК в регуляции устойчивости к холодовому, солевому, тепловому стрессу, в развитии плодов, корня и листьев. Однако экспериментальные методы являются трудоемкими и дорогостоящими подходами и пока еще не могут быть использованы для массового изучения днРНК в масштабах всего генома. Для этих целей применяют биоинформатические подходы, которые направлены на широкомасштабное распознавание последовательностей днРНК в геномах и транскриптомах. Несмотря на растущее число исследований, посвященных структурно-функциональному анализу днРНК, данный тип молекул по-прежнему остается малоизученным. Это связано со множеством факторов, которые нужно учитывать при идентификации днРНК. Применение пан-геномов и пан-транскриптомов позволит повысить эффективность исследования и общее количество предсказанных днРНК по сравнению с использованием генома одного представителя вида. Настоящий обзор посвящен описанию молекулярных и биологических функций днРНК, экспериментальных и биоинформатических методов идентификации, а также закономерностям эволюции, выявлению и анализу днРНК в масштабах пан-геномов и пан-транскриптомов.

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