Russian Journal of GeneticsRussian Journal of GeneticsГенетика0016-67583034-5103The Russian Academy of Sciences68220210.31857/S0016675825040054UAWIOLГЕНЕТИКА ЖИВОТНЫХResearch ArticleAnalysis of identical homozygous regions in the genome of egg-laying chickens and decorative chickensАнализ идентичных районов гомозиготности в геноме кур яичного направления продуктивности и кур декоративных породSmaragdovM. G.СмарагдовМ. Г.
Russian Federation

Russian Research Institute of Farm Animal Genetics and Breeding

Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт генетики и разведения сельскохозяйственных животных

mik7252@yandex.ruDementievaN. V.ДементьеваН. В.
Russian Federation

Russian Research Institute of Farm Animal Genetics and Breeding

Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт генетики и разведения сельскохозяйственных животных

mik7252@yandex.ruL.K. Ernst Federal Science Center for Animal HusbandryФедеральный исследовательский центр животноводства – ВИЖ им. акад. Л.К. Эрнста27042025614415403062025Copyright ©; 2025, Russian Academy of SciencesCopyright ©; 2025, Российская академия наук2025Russian Academy of SciencesРоссийская академия наукhttps://transsyst.ru/0016-6758/article/view/682202

Human selection and natural selection have significantly increased the phenotypic and genetic differentiation of chicken breeds. Adaptation to environmental conditions, including acclimatization to harsh climates, has left “traces” of selection in the genome architecture of many breeds. Therefore, monitoring the genetic variability of small chicken breeds is an important part of breeding and conservation programs for poultry populations. Based on the results of genotyping breeds with the Illumina 60K Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) chip, a bioinformatics analysis was performed for egg-laying and ornamental breeds. Runs of homozygosity (ROH) were analyzed in egg-laying breeds – Czech golden (CZG), Leghorn Light Brown (Italian Partridge) (IP) and ornamental breeds – Holland White-crested Black (HWC) and Hamburg silver Spangled Dwarf (HSD). The average number of ROH in the chicken chromosomes varied between 200 ± 6 in PWC and 287 ± 5 in LLB, and the inbreeding coefficient was between 0.29 ± 0.04 in HWC and 0.50 ± 0.013 in HSD. Among the chicken breeds studied, out of 40 ROH islands identified, 8 identical were found in two or three chicken breeds. These ROH islands were located on GGA1, GGA2, GGA7, GGA11 and GGA25. Genes in the ROH islands were associated with chicken weight, fat metabolism, feed intake, egg yolk weight, feather pecking disorders, and molecular processes mediating DNA replication and mRNA processing. The phenomenon of identical ROH-islands in different breeds is discussed in the context of selection.

Искусственный и естественный отбор значительно увеличили фенотипическую и генетическую дифференциацию пород кур. Адаптация к условиям окружающей среды, включая акклиматизацию к суровому климату, оставила «следы» отбора в архитектуре генома многих пород. Поэтому мониторинг генетической изменчивости малочисленных пород кур является важной частью программ разведения и сохранения популяций домашней птицы. На основе результатов генотипирования пород кур с помощью чипа Illumina 60K Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) был проведен биоинформационный анализ кур яичного направления продуктивности и декоративных пород. Прогоны гомозиготности (ROH) были исследованы у яичных пород – чешской золотистой (ЧЗ), леггорн светло-коричневой (итальянская куропатчатая) (ИК) и декоративных пород – голландской белохохлой черной (ГБ) и гамбургской пятнистой карликовой (ГПК). Среднее число ROH в хромосомах кур варьировало от 200 ± 6 в ГБ до 287 ± 5 в ИК, а коэффициент инбридинга был от 0.29 ± 0.04 в ГБ до 0.50 ± 0.013 в ГПК. Среди изученных пород кур из 40 идентифицированных ROH-островков восемь идентичных островков были обнаружены у двух или трех пород кур. Эти ROH-островки были расположены на GGA1, GGA2, GGA7, GGA11 и GGA25. Гены в ROH-островках были ассоциированы с массой цыпленка, жировым обменом, потреблением корма, весом яичного желтка, расклевыванием перьев и молекулярными процессами, участвующими в репликации ДНК и процессинге мРНК. Феномен идентичных ROH-островков у разных пород обсуждается в контексте селекции.

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