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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Genetics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Genetics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Генетика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0016-6758</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-5103</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">682197</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S0016675825040025</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">UBPHCR</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading"><subject>ГЕНЕТИКА РАСТЕНИЙ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Comparative analysis of recombination events in common wheat lines produced with the involvement of different genome composition hexaploid <italic>Triticum</italic> species</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Сравнительный анализ рекомбинационных событий у линий мягкой пшеницы, полученных с участием гексаплоидных видов <italic>Triticum</italic> с различным составом генома</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Orlovskaya</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Орловская</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="BY">Belarus</country></address><email>O.Orlovskaya@igc.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vakula</surname><given-names>S. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вакула</surname><given-names>С. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="BY">Belarus</country></address><email>O.Orlovskaya@igc.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Leonova</surname><given-names>I. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Леонова</surname><given-names>И. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>O.Orlovskaya@igc.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Genetics and Cytology of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт генетики и цитологии Национальной академии наук Беларуси</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Belarusian State Technological University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Белорусский государственный технологический университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Federal Research Center, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральный исследовательский центр, Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-04-27" publication-format="electronic"><day>27</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>61</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>12</fpage><lpage>22</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-06-03"><day>03</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Российская академия наук</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Российская академия наук</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://transsyst.ru/0016-6758/article/view/682197">https://transsyst.ru/0016-6758/article/view/682197</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The species of the genus <italic>Triticum </italic>and synthetic wheat produced with their involvement are a source of new genes contributing to the improvement of cultivated <italic>T. aestivum </italic>varieties. In this work, the nature of substitutions and translocations in hybrid lines derived from the cross of common wheat varieties with <italic>Triticum spelta</italic> and <italic>T. kiharae</italic> was studied. It was shown that in the chromosomes of the B genome (especially in chromosomes 4B and 7B), spelt fragments had, as a rule, a greater length than the fragments of synthetic wheat <italic>T. kiharae</italic>. In the lines produced with the involvement of synthetic wheat, recombination events occurred more often between A and A<sup>t</sup> genomes compared to the B and G genomes of <italic>T. aestivum</italic> and <italic>T. kiharae</italic> respectively, indicating a closer relationship between the homeologous A/A<sup>t</sup> chromosomes. The data obtained indicate that the length of introgressed fragments in the D-genome of all the lines studied is, as a rule, less than in A and B genomes. With regard to the lines developed with the involvement of spelt, a high meiotic index was noted (95.83–97.27%), which is determined by the close relationship of <italic>T. spelta</italic> and <italic>T. aestivum</italic>. The lines based on synthetic wheat had fewer normal tetrads (77.093.0%), which is due not only to the reduced homology of chromosomes between the genomes of their original forms, but also the reduced cytological stability of <italic>T. kiharae</italic> compared to the rest of parent genotypes. There were no significant disturbances in the process of gamete formation in introgression lines, and the meiotic index for the vast majority of genotypes was high (more than 90%). The studied lines are of interest for the selection of promising material characterized by economically valuable characters.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Виды рода <italic>Triticum</italic> и созданные с их участием синтетические пшеницы являются источником новых генов для улучшения культивируемых сортов <italic>T. aestivum. </italic>В настоящей работе был изучен характер замещений и транслокаций у гибридных линий, полученных от скрещивания сортов мягкой пшеницы с <italic>Triticum spelta </italic>и <italic>T. kiharae</italic>. Было показано, что в хромосомах В-генома (особенно в хромосомах 4В и 7В) фрагменты спельты, как правило, имели большую протяженность, чем фрагменты синтетической пшеницы <italic>T. kiharae.</italic> У линий, созданных с участием синтетической пшеницы, рекомбинационные события чаще происходили между А- и A<sup>t</sup>-геномами в сравнении с В- и G-геномами <italic>T. aestivum </italic>и <italic>T. kiharae </italic>соответственно, что указывает на более тесное родство между гомеологичными хромосомами А/A<sup>t</sup>. Полученные нами данные свидетельствуют, что протяженность интрогрессий в D-геноме у всех изученных линий, как правило, меньше, чем в геномах А и В. Для линий, созданных с участием спельты, отмечен высокий мейотический индекс (95.83–97.27%), что связано с близким родством <italic>T. spelta</italic> и <italic>T. aestivum</italic>. Линии на основе синтетической пшеницы имели меньше нормальных тетрад (77.0–93.0%), что обусловлено не только сниженной гомологией хромосом между геномами исходных форм, но и пониженной цитологической стабильностью <italic>T. kiharae </italic>по сравнению с остальными родительскими генотипами. Существенного нарушения процесса формирования гамет у интрогрессивных линий не обнаружено, и мейотический индекс для подавляющего числа генотипов находился на высоком уровне (более 90%). Изученные линии представляют интерес для отбора перспективного материала, характеризующегося хозяйственно ценными признаками.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>common wheat</kwd><kwd>spelt</kwd><kwd>synthetic wheat T. kiharae</kwd><kwd>introgression wheat lines</kwd><kwd>genotyping with SNP markers</kwd><kwd>cytological stability</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>мягкая пшеница</kwd><kwd>спельта</kwd><kwd>синтетический вид T. kiharae</kwd><kwd>интрогрессивные линии пшеницы</kwd><kwd>генотипирование маркерами SNP</kwd><kwd>цитологическая стабильность</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Белорусский республиканский фонд фундаментальных исследований</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Belarusian Republican Foundation for Fundamental Research</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>Б18Р-028</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Petersen G., Seberg O., Yde M., Berthelsen K. 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