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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Genetics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Genetics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Генетика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0016-6758</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-5103</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">676601</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S0016675824120125</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">vzridw</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>КРАТКИЕ &#13;
СООБЩЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КРАТКИЕ СООБЩЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Effect of Genotype at <italic>ADH1B</italic> Alcoholdehydrogenase Gene on Level of cdt Alcohol Abuse Marker</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Влияние генотипа по гену алкогольдегидрогеназы <italic>ADH1B</italic> на уровень биомаркера злоупотребления алкоголем CDT</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kim</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ким</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>rubanovich@vigg.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gureev</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гуреев</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>rubanovich@vigg.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Rubanovich</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рубанович</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>rubanovich@vigg.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Borinskaya</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Боринская</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>borinskaya@vigg.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт обшей генетики им. Н. И. Вавилова Российской академии наук</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-12-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>60</volume><issue>12</issue><fpage>115</fpage><lpage>120</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-03-03"><day>03</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Российская академия наук</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Российская академия наук</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://transsyst.ru/0016-6758/article/view/676601">https://transsyst.ru/0016-6758/article/view/676601</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Alcohol abuse poses an important challenge to public health and is associated with a shorter lifespan, numerous disorders, and social and economic problems. Methods to identify heavy drinkers are necessary for choosing the prevention and treatment strategies in medicine and are in demand in forensics. Alcohol consumption is often underestimated in self-reported data, and objective laboratory tests are therefore essential to employ in diagnosing chronic alcohol abuse and acute alcoholic excess. Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) is one of the most specific biomarkers of alcohol abuse. CDT is a set of transferrin isoforms with a lower content of sialic acid residues and is found when glycosylation is impaired by ethanol metabolites. Oxidation of exogenous ethanol to acetaldehyde by alcohol dehydrogenase 1B (ADH1B) is a major pathway of ethanol metabolism. This study showed for the first time that carriers of the allele <italic>ADH</italic><italic>1</italic><italic>B</italic><italic>*48</italic><italic>His</italic> (rs1229984), which determines acetaldehyde production to higher concentrations, have greater CDT levels as compared with noncarriers, alcohol consumption being the same. The difference should be taken into account in medicine, forensics, and studies where Mendelian randomization with respect to the polymorphic locus rs1229984 is performed to address the effects of drinking alcohol.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Проблема злоупотребления алкоголем актуальна для общественного здравоохранения и связана с сокращением продолжительности жизни, многочисленными заболеваниями, социальными и экономическими проблемами. Методы выявления индивидов, злоупотребляющих алкоголем, необходимы в клинической практике для определения стратегий профилактики и лечения и востребованы в судебно-медицинской экспертизе. Получение сведений путем опроса часто ведет к занижению доз потребляемого алкоголя, поэтому необходимы объективные лабораторные методы диагностики хронического злоупотребления алкоголем и острых алкогольных эксцессов. Одним из наиболее специфичных биомаркеров злоупотребления алкоголем является углевод-дефицитный трансферрин (CDT), представляющий собой изоформы трансферрина с пониженным количеством сиаловых остатков. CDT образуется за счет нарушения гликозилирования продуктами метаболизма этанола. Основной путь окисления экзогенного этанола – преобразование его в ацетальдегид под действием фермента алкогольдегидрогеназы ADH1B. В данном исследовании впервые показано, что у носителей аллеля <italic>ADH1</italic><italic>B*48</italic><italic>His</italic> (rs1229984) гена алкогольдегидрогеназы, ведущего к образованию ацетальдегида в более высоких концентрациях, повышен уровень CDT по сравнению с индивидами, не имеющими этого аллеля, при одинаковом уровне потребления алкоголя. Этот эффект необходимо учитывать в клинической и судебно-медицинской практике, а также в исследованиях эффектов потребления алкоголя с применением менделевской рандомизации по полиморфному локусу rs1229984.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>alcohol abuse biomarkers</kwd><kwd>carbohydrate-deficient transferrin</kwd><kwd>CDT</kwd><kwd>alcohol dehydrogenase</kwd><kwd>ADH1B gene</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>биомаркеры злоупотребления алкоголем</kwd><kwd>углевод-дефицитный трансферрин</kwd><kwd>CDT</kwd><kwd>алкогольдегидрогеназа</kwd><kwd>ген ADH1B</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Министерство науки и высшего образования РФ (соглашение № 122022600161-3).</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Андреев Е.М., Кирьянов Н.А., Леон Д. и др. 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