Russian Journal of GeneticsRussian Journal of GeneticsГенетика0016-67583034-5103The Russian Academy of Sciences67659610.31857/S0016675824120079waawueГЕНЕТИКА ЖИВОТНЫХResearch ArticleEvaulation of Polymorphism of the Immune System Genes TNF and TLR2 in CattleОценка полиморфизма генов иммунной системы TNF и TLR2 у крупного рогатого скотаKalashnikovaL. A.КалашниковаЛ. А.
Russian Federation
ladnatehplem@mail.ruBagalI. E.БагальИ. Е.
Russian Federation
ladnatehplem@mail.ruMuruginaN. E.МуругинаН. Е.
Russian Federation
ladnatehplem@mail.ruKalashnikovV. E.КалашниковВ. Е.
Russian Federation
ladnatehplem@mail.ruSeninaR. Yu.СенинаР. Ю.
Russian Federation
ladnatehplem@mail.ruAll-Russian Research Institute of Animal BreedingВсероссийский научно-исследовательский институт племенного делаNational Research Center “Institute of Immunology”Государственный научный центр “Институт иммунологии”151220246012667403032025Copyright ©; 2024, Russian Academy of SciencesCopyright ©; 2024, Российская академия наук2024Russian Academy of SciencesРоссийская академия наукhttps://transsyst.ru/0016-6758/article/view/676596

In this article the results of genotyping of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) genes among 644 heads of cattle of six breeds belonging to four different genetic roots are presented. The Kholmogory and Holstein breeds of black-and-white root, the Ayrshire breed of red root, the Kostroma and Brown Swiss breed of brown root and the fawn Simmental breed were studied. The PCR-RFLP method was used to identify alleles and genotypes. Significant differences in allele frequency of the TNF and TLR2 genes were observed between breeds of different genetic roots (p < 0.001) and between breeds of dairy and dairy-meat productivity (p < 0.001). In five of the six cattle breeds studied, the predominance of the TLR2T allele was revealed. The highest frequency of the TLR2T allele (0.99) was found in the Ayrshire breed. The herd of Ayrshire cows is close to being monomorphic for the TLR2 gene, 98% of the animals have the homozygous TLR2TT genotype. A more uniform distribution of alleles and genotypes for the TLR2 gene was found in black-and-white animals: in Holstein cattle the average frequency of the TLR2T allele was 0.78, in Kholmogory cattle it was 0.83. The TLR2TT genotype was detected in the majority of Holstein (61%) and Kholmogory (69%) cows. The frequency of the TLR2T allele in the Simmental breed was 0.62, in the Kostroma breed – 0.67. In Simmental and Kostroma cows, the heterozygous TLR2TG genotype is more common (54 and 47% respectively). A different picture of the distribution of allele and genotype frequencies was revealed in Brown Swiss animals. The TLR2T allele frequency averages 0.26. More than half of Brown Swiss cows (55%) are homozygous for TLR2GG. In all breeds, the TNFB allele predominated with a frequency of occurrence ranging from 0.61 in Holstein cattle to 0.98 in the Brown Swiss breed. A high frequency of the TNFB allele was found in the Kostroma (0.94), Ayrshire (0.885) and Simmental (0.80) breeds. In the Kholmogory breed, the average frequency of the TNFB allele was 0.72. The highest frequency of the TNFBB genotype was found in Brown Swiss herds (96%). The predominance of the homozygous TNFBB genotype was revealed in Kholmogory (53%), Simmental (62%), Ayrshire (77%) and Kostroma cattle (87.5%). In Holstein cows, the majority of animals (53%) carry the heterozygous TNFАВ genotype. In three breeds – Ayrshire, Kostroma and Brown Swiss, the TNFAA genotype was not detected.

Представлены результаты генотипирования генов фактора некроза опухоли (TNF) и толл-подобного рецептора 2 (TLR2) у 644 голов крупного рогатого скота шести пород, относящихся по происхождению к четырем разным генетическим корням. Исследованы холмогорская и голштинская породы черно-пестрого корня, айрширская порода красного корня, костромская и бурая швицкая породы бурого корня и палевая симментальская порода. Для выявления аллелей и генотипов использовали метод ПЦР-ПДРФ. Установлены достоверные различия частоты встречаемости аллелей генов TNF и TLR2 между породами разных генетических корней (р < 0.001) и между породами молочного и молочно-мясного направления продуктивности (р < 0.001). У пяти пород скота из шести изученных по гену TLR2 выявлено преобладание аллеля T, наиболее высокая его частота (0.99) установлена у айрширской породы. Стадо айрширских коров близко к мономорфному типу по гену TLR2, 98% животных имеют гомозиготный генотип TТ. Более равномерное распределение аллелей и генотипов по гену TLR2 установлено у животных черно-пестрого корня: у голштинского скота средняя частота аллеля T составила 0.78, у холмогорского – 0.83. Генотип TТ выявлен у большинства голштинских (61%) и холмогорских (69%) коров. Частота аллеля T у симментальской породы составила 0.62, у костромской породы – 0.67. У симментальских и костромских коров чаще встречается гетерозиготный генотип TG (54 и 47% соответственно). Иная картина распределения частоты аллелей и генотипов выявлена у животных бурой швицкой породы. Частота аллеля T составляет в среднем 0.26. Более половины коров бурой швицкой породы (55%) имеют гомозиготный генотип GG. У всех пород по гену TNF преобладал аллель В с частотой встречаемости от 0.61 у голштинского скота до 0.98 у бурой швицкой породы. Высокая частота аллеля В установлена у костромской (0.94), айрширской (0.885) и симментальской (0.80) пород; у холмогорской породы выявлена средняя частота данного аллеля – 0.72. Наиболее высокая частота генотипа ВВ установлена в стадах бурой швицкой породы (96%). Выявлено преобладание гомозиготного генотипа ВВ у холмогорского (53%), симментальского (62%), айрширского (77%) и костромского скота (87.5%). У голштинских коров большинство животных (53%) представлены гетерозиготным генотипом АВ. У трех пород – айрширской, костромской и бурой швицкой – не выявлен генотип АА.

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