Russian Journal of GeneticsRussian Journal of GeneticsГенетика0016-67583034-5103The Russian Academy of Sciences67659110.31857/S0016675824120022wavthuОБЗОРНЫЕ И ТЕОРЕТИЧЕСКИЕ СТАТЬИResearch ArticleInduction of Trained Immunity by BCG: Recent Data and OpinionsИндукция тренированного иммунитета с помощью БЦЖ: недавние данные и мненияAlekseenkoI. V.АлексеенкоИ. В.
Russian Federation
edsverd@gmail.comKondratyevaL. G.КондратьеваЛ. Г.
Russian Federation
edsverd@gmail.comChernovI. P.ЧерновИ. П.
Russian Federation
edsverd@gmail.comSverdlovE. D.СвердловЕ. Д.
Russian Federation
liakondratyeva@yandex.ruNational Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”Научно-исследовательский центр “Курчатовский институт”Shemyakin–Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of SciencesИнститут биоорганической химии им. академиков М. М. Шемякина и Ю. А. Овчинникова Российской академии наук151220246012162403032025Copyright ©; 2024, Russian Academy of SciencesCopyright ©; 2024, Российская академия наук2024Russian Academy of SciencesРоссийская академия наукhttps://transsyst.ru/0016-6758/article/view/676591

Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG), developed in the early 20th century to protect against tuberculosis, is one of the most widely used vaccines in the world. In addition to protecting against tuberculosis, this vaccine has also been shown to reduce the risk of various other infections. During the COVID-19 pandemic, it was found that BCG-vaccinated health care workers had lower detection rates of the SARS-CoV-2 virus compared to unvaccinated individuals. This appears to be due to the generation of trained immunity (TRIM) and non-specific protective effects (NSE), which are likely attributed to the epigenetic and metabolic reprogramming of innate immune cells, known as trained immunity. NSE further holds promise for the development of future therapeutics that can protect against unpredictable pandemics. Additionally, TRIM inducers provide new perspectives on improving the efficacy of standard vaccines by incorporating them into vaccine formulations to enhance both specific and nonspecific immune responses.

Разработанная в начале XX в. для защиты от туберкулеза бацилла Кальметта–Герена (БЦЖ, Bacillus Calmette–Guerin) – одна из наиболее широко используемых вакцин в мире. Оказалось, что эта вакцина, вдобавок к защите от туберкулеза, снижает также риск различных других инфекций. В процессе борьбы с коронавирусной инфекцией COVID-19 выяснилось, что вакцинированные БЦЖ медицинские работники имели более низкие показатели выявления вируса SARS-CoV-2 по сравнению с не вакцинированными людьми. Это происходит, по-видимому, благодаря формированию тренированного иммунитета (ТРИМ) и неспецифического защитного эффекта (НЗЭ, non-specific effects), которые, скорее всего, объясняются эпигенетическим и метаболическим перепрограммированием клеток врожденного иммунитета, называемым тренированным иммунитетом. НЗЭ открывает перспективы разработки будущих терапевтических средств, которые будут защищать от непредвиденных пандемий. Кроме того, индукторы ТРИМ открывают новые перспективы в повышении эффективности стандартных вакцин путем их включения в составы вакцин для усиления как специфических, так и неспецифических иммунных ответов.

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