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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="brief-report" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Genetics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Genetics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Генетика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0016-6758</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-5103</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">667238</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S0016675824070102</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">BGWVSN</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>КРАТКИЕ &#13;
СООБЩЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КРАТКИЕ СООБЩЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Short Communication</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Karyotype and molecular genetic differentiation of a 24-chromosomal form of the gray hamster <italic>Nothocricetulus migratorius</italic> from the Tien Shan</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Кариотип и молекулярно-генетическая дифференциация 24-хромосомной формы серого хомячка <italic>Nothocricetulus migratorius</italic> из Тянь-Шаня</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Brandler</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Брандлер</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>rusmarmot@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Blekhman</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Блехман</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>rusmarmot@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт биологии развития им. Н.К. Кольцова Российской академии наук</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-07-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>07</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>60</volume><issue>7</issue><fpage>107</fpage><lpage>111</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-02-26"><day>26</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Российская академия наук</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Российская академия наук</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://transsyst.ru/0016-6758/article/view/667238">https://transsyst.ru/0016-6758/article/view/667238</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The widespread Palaearctic rodent species gray hamster <italic>Nothocricetulus migratorius</italic> has a karyotype with a stable number of chromosomes 2<italic>n </italic>= 22 throughout the entire range of its habitat. We found gray hamsters with diploid number of chromosomes 2<italic>n </italic>= 24 locally distributed in the Qurama Ridge of the Tyan Shan. A new karyotype and analysis of G- and NORs-bands of differentially stained chromosome sets were described for the first time. The described karyotype differs from the 22-chromosomal karyotype of gray hamsters by the Y-chromosome morphology and the presence of an additional pair of heteromorphic small chromosomes. Molecular genetic analysis revealed genetic divergence of 24- and 22-chromosomal forms of <italic>N. migratorius</italic>, and the differences between them in mitochondrial markers are comparable, and in nuclear markers exceed the differences between <italic>C. barabensis</italic> (2<italic>n</italic> = 20) and <italic>C. psevdogriseus</italic> (2<italic>n</italic> = 24). The data obtained give grounds to discuss the taxonomic status of the 24-chromosomal form of gray hamsters from the Qurama Ridge and consider the differentiation of <italic>N. migratorius</italic> karyomorphs as a stage of chromosomal speciation.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Серый хомячок <italic>Nothocricetulus migratorius</italic>, являясь широкоареальным палеарктическим видом грызунов, обладает кариотипом со стабильным числом хромосом 2<italic>n </italic>= 22 на всей территории обитания. Нами найдены серые хомячки с диплоидным числом хромосом 2<italic>n </italic>= 24, локально распространенные на Кураминском хребте Тянь-Шаня. Впервые дано описание нового кариотипа и анализ G и NORs – дифференциально окрашенных хромосомных наборов. От 22-хромосомного кариотипа серых хомячков описываемый кариотип отличается морфологией Y-хромосомы и наличием дополнительной пары гетероморфных мелких хромосом. Молекулярно-генетический анализ выявил генетическую дивергенцию 24- и 22-хромосомных форм <italic>N. migratorius</italic>, различия между которыми по митохондриальным маркерам сопоставимы, а по ядерным превышают различия между <italic>Cricetulus barabensis </italic>(2<italic>n </italic>= 20) и <italic>C. psevdogriseus </italic>(2<italic>n </italic>= 24). Полученные нами данные позволяют обсуждать таксономический статус 24-хромосомной формы серых хомячков с Кураминского хребта и рассматривать дифференциацию кариоморф <italic>N. migratorius</italic> как этап хромосомного видообразования.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>gray hamster</kwd><kwd>karyotype</kwd><kwd>molecular genetic variability</kwd><kwd>chromosomal speciation</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>серый хомячок</kwd><kwd>кариотип</kwd><kwd>молекулярно-генетическая изменчивость</kwd><kwd>хромосомное видообразование</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Министерство науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>075-15-2021-1069</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Громов И.М., Ербаева М.А. 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