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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Genetics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Genetics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Генетика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0016-6758</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-5103</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">667236</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S0016675824070089</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">BHMPLU</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading"><subject>МАТЕМАТИЧЕСКИЕ МОДЕЛИ И МЕТОДЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Reconstruction of a matrix of genotypic correlations between variants within a gene for joint analysis of imputed and sequenced data</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Реконструкция матрицы генотипических корреляций между вариантами внутри гена для совместного анализа импутированных и секвенированных данных</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Svishcheva</surname><given-names>G. R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Свищёва</surname><given-names>Г. Р.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>gulsvi@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kirichenko</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кириченко</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>gulsvi@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Belonogova</surname><given-names>N. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Белоногова</surname><given-names>Н. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>gulsvi@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Elgaeva</surname><given-names>E. E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Елгаева</surname><given-names>Е. Е.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>gulsvi@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tsepilov</surname><given-names>A. Ya.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Цепилов</surname><given-names>А. Я.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>gulsvi@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zorkoltseva</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зоркольцева</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>gulsvi@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Axenovich</surname><given-names>T. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аксенович</surname><given-names>Т. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>gulsvi@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Federal Research Centre, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральный исследовательский центр, Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт общей генетики им. Н.И. Вавилова Российской академии наук</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Novosibirsk State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Новосибирский государственный университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-07-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>07</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>60</volume><issue>7</issue><fpage>91</fpage><lpage>99</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-02-26"><day>26</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Российская академия наук</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Российская академия наук</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://transsyst.ru/0016-6758/article/view/667236">https://transsyst.ru/0016-6758/article/view/667236</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>When combining imputed and sequenced data in a single gene-based association analysis, the problem of reconstructing genetic correlation matrices arises. It is related to the fact that for a gene, we know the correlations between genotypes of all imputed variants and the correlations between genotypes of all sequenced variants, but we do not know the correlations between genotypes of variants, one of which is imputed and the other is sequenced. To recover these correlations, we propose an efficient method based on maximising the determinant of the matrix. This method has a number of useful properties and has an analytical solution for our task. Approbation of the proposed method was performed by comparing reconstructed and real correlation matrices constructed on individual genotypes from the UK biobank. Comparison of the results of gene-based association analysis performed by the SKAT, BT and PCA methods on reconstructed and real matrices, using modelled summary statistics and calculated summary statistics on real phenotypes, showed high quality of reconstruction and robustness of the method to different gene structures.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>При объединении импутированных и секвенированных данных в одном анализе ассоциаций на уровне генов возникает проблема реконструкции матриц генетических корреляций. Она связана с тем, что для гена известны корреляции между всеми импутированными генотипами вариантов и корреляции между всеми секвенированными, но неизвестны корреляции между генотипами вариантов, один из которых импутирован, а другой секвенирован. Для реконструкции этих корреляций мы предлагаем эффективный метод, основанный на максимизации детерминанта матрицы. Этот метод обладает рядом полезных свойств и имеет аналитическое решение для нашей задачи. Апробация предложенного метода была выполнена путем сравнения реконструированных и реальных корреляционных матриц, построенных на индивидуальных генотипах из Биобанка Великобритании. Сравнение результатов анализа ассоциаций на генном уровне, выполненного методами SKAT, BT и PCA на реконструированных и реальных матрицах с использованием смоделированных и вычисленных по реальным фенотипам суммарных статистик, показало высокое качество реконструкции и устойчивость метода к различным структурам гена.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>imputed and sequenced genotypes</kwd><kwd>gene-based association analysis</kwd><kwd>genetic variants</kwd><kwd>summary statistics</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>импутированные и секвенированные генотипы</kwd><kwd>анализ ассоциаций на уровне генов</kwd><kwd>генетические варианты</kwd><kwd>суммарные статистики</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Биобанк Великобритании</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">UK Biobank</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>18219</award-id></award-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Биобанк Великобритании</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">UK Biobank</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>59345</award-id></award-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский научный фонд</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Science Foundation</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>23-25-00209</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Eichler E.E., Flint J., Gibson G. at al. 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