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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Genetics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Genetics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Генетика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0016-6758</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-5103</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">667226</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S0016675824070017</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">BIMRAP</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading"><subject>ОБЗОРНЫЕ И ТЕОРЕТИЧЕСКИЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Artificial intelligence and classical methods in animal genetics and breeding</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Искусственный интеллект и классические методы в генетике и селекции животных</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Soloshenkov</surname><given-names>А. D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Солошенков</surname><given-names>А. Д.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>alesol@rgau-msha.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Soloshenkova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Солошенкова</surname><given-names>Э. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>alesol@rgau-msha.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Semina</surname><given-names>M. T.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Семина</surname><given-names>М. Т.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>alesol@rgau-msha.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Spasskaya</surname><given-names>N. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Спасская</surname><given-names>Н. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Zoo museum</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Научно-исследовательский Зоологический музей</p></bio><email>alesol@rgau-msha.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Voronkova</surname><given-names>V. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Воронкова</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>alesol@rgau-msha.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Stolpovky</surname><given-names>Y. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Столповский</surname><given-names>Ю. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>alesol@rgau-msha.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Vavilov Institute of General Genetic, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт общей генетики им. Н.И. Вавилова Российской академии наук</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский государственный аграрный университет – МСХА имени К.А. Тимирязева</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Moscow State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-07-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>07</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>60</volume><issue>7</issue><fpage>3</fpage><lpage>16</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-02-26"><day>26</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Российская академия наук</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Российская академия наук</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://transsyst.ru/0016-6758/article/view/667226">https://transsyst.ru/0016-6758/article/view/667226</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article analyses basic methods of population genetics and animal breeding, as well as mathematical methods of machine learning used in animal breeding. The training of cat boost library models was carried out on the example of two domesticated species – domestic horse (<italic>Equus caballus</italic>) and reindeer (<italic>Rangifer tarandus</italic>). Data from microsatellite panels of 16 and 17 loci, respectively, were used to train the model using data on domesticated and wild reindeer, European and Russian horse breeds. The standard indicators: accuracy, precision, recall and f1 were calculated to determine the success of the model. Confusion matrices were constructed. New possibilities of identification of animal breed affiliation were shown.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В настоящей статье проведены обзор и анализ основных методов популяционной генетики и селекции животных, а также математических методов машинного обучения, используемых в животноводстве. На примере двух доместицированных видов – домашняя лошадь (<italic>Equus caballus</italic>) и северный олень (<italic>Rangife rtarandus</italic>) проведено обучение моделей библиотеки CatBoost. Для обучения модели на основе данных по одомашненным и диким северным оленям, европейским и российским породам лошадей использованы результаты, полученные с помощью микросателлитных панелей, соответственно локусов 16 и 17. Для определения успешности модели были рассчитаны стандартные показатели: Accuracy, Precision, Recall и <italic>F1</italic>, построены матрицы ошибок. Показаны новые возможности идентификации породной принадлежности животных.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>machine learning</kwd><kwd>neural networks</kwd><kwd>animal husbandry</kwd><kwd>horse</kwd><kwd>Equus caballus</kwd><kwd>reindeer</kwd><kwd>Rangifer tarandus</kwd><kwd>microsatellite analysis</kwd><kwd>genetic diversi</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>машинное обучение</kwd><kwd>нейронные сети</kwd><kwd>животноводство</kwd><kwd>лошадь</kwd><kwd>Equus caballus</kwd><kwd>северный олень</kwd><kwd>Rangifer tarandus</kwd><kwd>микросателлитный анализ</kwd><kwd>генетическое разнообразие</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский научный фонд</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Science Foundation</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>23-16-00059</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Моисеева И.Г., Уханов С.В., Столповский Ю.А. и др. 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