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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Genetics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Genetics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Генетика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0016-6758</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-5103</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">667216</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S0016675824080068</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">bfptnk</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading"><subject>ГЕНЕТИКА ЖИВОТНЫХ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Polymorphism of Russian Populations of Rhopalosiphum padi L. Based on DNA Markers</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Полиморфизм российских популяций <italic>Rhopalosiphum padi</italic> L. по ДНК-маркерам</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Radchenko</surname><given-names>E. E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Радченко</surname><given-names>E. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>eugene_radchenko@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Anisimova</surname><given-names>I. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Анисимова</surname><given-names>И. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>eugene_radchenko@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Alpatieva</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алпатьева</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>eugene_radchenko@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Всероссийский институт генетических ресурсов растений им. Н.И. Вавилова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-08-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>08</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>60</volume><issue>8</issue><fpage>66</fpage><lpage>73</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-02-26"><day>26</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Российская академия наук</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Российская академия наук</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://transsyst.ru/0016-6758/article/view/667216">https://transsyst.ru/0016-6758/article/view/667216</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Using the next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology, the nucleotide polymorphism in a fragment of the <italic>ND</italic><italic>4</italic> gene encoding NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4 was studied in 14 samples from three populations of the bird cherry-oat aphid (<italic>Rhopalosiphum</italic><italic> </italic><italic>padi</italic> L.) and the range of nucleotide polymorphism was determined. The insects were collected in 2021 and 2022 in the North-West of Russia (in the vicinity of St. Petersburg) and in the northern Caucasus (Krasnodar Territory and Dagestan). Mitochondrial DNA haplotypes were identified, which have 97.95–99.80% sequence identity with the reference GenBank accession number KT447631.1. The level of intraspecific polymorphism of a 438 bp <italic>ND</italic><italic>4</italic> gene fragment in <italic>Rh</italic><italic>. </italic><italic>padi</italic><italic> </italic>varied from 0.2 to 4.3%. In the two-year experiments, 33 polymorphic sites (17 transitions and 16 transversions) were found in the <italic>ND</italic><italic>4</italic> sequences, which made it possible to identify 30 mitochondrial DNA haplotypes. The <italic>Rh</italic><italic>. </italic><italic>padi</italic><italic> </italic>populations collected simultaneously on different host plants or at different times on bird cherry (spring) and cereals (summer) differed in the proportion of the main haplotype, as well as in the composition of unique minor haplotypes. Analysis of the ratio of mitochondrial DNA haplotypes suggests the important role of the host plant genotype in the formation of the structure of <italic>Rh</italic><italic>. </italic><italic>padi</italic> populations.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>С помощью технологии высокопродуктивного секвенирования нового поколения (NGS) в 14 выборках из трех популяций черемухово-злаковой тли (<italic>Rhopalosiphum </italic><italic>padi</italic> L.) изучали полиморфизм фрагмента гена <italic>ND4</italic>, кодирующего субъединицу 4 NADH-дегидрогеназы, и определяли спектр точечных замен. Насекомых собирали на северо-западе России (окрестности С.-Петербурга) и на Северном Кавказе (Краснодарский край и Дагестан). Идентифицировали гаплотипы митохондриальной ДНК (мтДНК), нуклеотидные последовательности которых на 97.95–99.80% совпадали с референсной (GenBank accession KT447631.1). Уровень внутривидового полиморфизма данного фрагмента гена <italic>ND4 </italic>длиной 438 пн варьировал от 0.2 до 4.3%. В течение двух лет в последовательностях <italic>ND4</italic> найдено 33 полиморфных сайта (17 транзиций и 16 трансверсий), что позволило идентифицировать 30 гаплотипов мтДНК. Популяции <italic>Rh. </italic><italic>padi</italic>, собранные одновременно на разных растениях-хозяевах или в разное время на черемухе (весной) и злаках (летом), различались по соотношению основного гаплотипа, а также по составу уникальных минорных гаплотипов. Анализ соотношений митохондриальных ДНК гаплотипов свидетельствует о важной роли генотипа растения-хозяина при формировании структуры популяций <italic>Rh. </italic><italic>padi</italic>.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Rhopalosiphum padi</kwd><kwd>populations</kwd><kwd>gene ND4</kwd><kwd>nucleotide substitutions</kwd><kwd>mitochondrial DNA haplotype</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Rhopalosiphum padi</kwd><kwd>популяции</kwd><kwd>ген ND4</kwd><kwd>нуклеотидный полиморфизм</kwd><kwd>гаплотип митохондриальной ДНК</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Правительство РФ, госзадание согласно тематическому плану ВИР (проект № FGEM-2022-0009)</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Government of the Russian Federation, state assignment according to the VIR thematic plan (project No. FGEM-2022-0009)</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>224020600758-8</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Wiktelius S. 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