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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Genetics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Genetics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Генетика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0016-6758</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-5103</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">667198</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S0016675824090057</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">aekknk</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading"><subject>ГЕНЕТИКА РАСТЕНИЙ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Polymorphisms in the transit peptide of phytoene synthase ZmPSY1 link to the white color of grain endosperm in maize inbred lines</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вариабельность транзитного пептида фитоинсинтазы ZmPSY1 связана с белой окраской эндосперма зерна у инбредных линий кукурузы</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Arkhestova</surname><given-names>D. K.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Архестова</surname><given-names>Д. Х.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>shchennikova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khaudov</surname><given-names>A. D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хаудов</surname><given-names>А. Д.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>shchennikova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shchennikova</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щенникова</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>shchennikova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kochieva</surname><given-names>E. Z.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кочиева</surname><given-names>Е. З.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>shchennikova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Federal Research Centre “Fundamentals of Biotechnology” of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральный исследовательский центр “Фундаментальные основы биотехнологии” Российской академии наук</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Agriculture - branch of the Kabardino-Balkarian Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт сельского хозяйства – филиал Кабардино-Балкарского научного центра Российской академии наук</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-09-10" publication-format="electronic"><day>10</day><month>09</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>60</volume><issue>9</issue><fpage>32</fpage><lpage>40</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-02-26"><day>26</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Российская академия наук</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Российская академия наук</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://transsyst.ru/0016-6758/article/view/667198">https://transsyst.ru/0016-6758/article/view/667198</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The yellow and orange color of <italic>Zea mays</italic> L. grain is determined by the presence of carotenoids, the first enzyme of the biosynthesis pathway of which is phytoene synthase PSY. In this study, we analyzed allelic variants of the <italic>ZmPSY1 </italic>gene in accessions of yellow-grain and white-grain maize inbred lines of domestic selection. In four lines with different grain colors, full-length <italic>ZmPSY1</italic> cDNAs were amplified and sequenced, and their variability was characterized. In the cDNA sequence of <italic>ZmPSY1</italic> from white-grain lines, nonsynonymous SNPs were found that lead to substitutions of four amino acid residues (L47I, W52S, E53D and A54V) in the N-terminal transit peptide responsible for the plastid localization of the enzyme. A primer system has been developed for PCR identification of the <italic>ZmPSY1</italic> allele type in maize accessions. Testing of primers on 44 maize lines showed the presence of the wild-type <italic>ZmPSY1</italic> allele and the absence of the mutant allele in the genome of all 22 yellow-grain lines analyzed. The mutant <italic>ZmPSY1 </italic>allele was detected in the genome of 41% of the 22 tested white-grain lines. The use of the developed primer system may be promising in the selection of corn with altered carotenoid content in the grain endosperm.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Желто-оранжевая окраска зерна кукурузы<italic> Zea mays</italic> L. определяется присутствием каротиноидов, первым ферментом пути биосинтеза которых является фитоинсинтаза PSY. В данной работе проведен анализ аллельных вариантов гена <italic>ZmPSY1 </italic>у образцов желтозерных и белозерных инбредных линий кукурузы отечественной селекции. У четырех линий с разной окраской зерна амплифицированы и секвенированы полноразмерные кДНК <italic>ZmPSY1</italic> и охарактеризована их вариабельность. В последовательности кДНК <italic>ZmPSY1 </italic>белозерных линий обнаружено четыре несинонимичных однонуклеотидных полиморфизма (SNP), которые приводят к замещениям остатков четырех аминокислот (L47I, W52S, E53D и A54V) в N-концевом транзитном пептиде, ответственном за пластидную локализацию фермента. Разработана система праймеров для ПЦР-идентификации типа аллеля <italic>ZmPSY1 </italic>у образцов кукурузы. Тестирование праймеров на 44-х линиях кукурузы показало присутствие аллеля <italic>ZmPSY1 </italic>дикого типа и отсутствие мутантного аллеля в геноме всех анализируемых 22 желтозерных линий; также выявили, что мутантный аллель <italic>ZmPSY1 </italic>встречается с частотой 41%. Использование разработанной системы праймеров может иметь перспективы в селекции кукурузы с измененным содержанием каротиноидов в эндосперме зерна.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Zea mays L.</kwd><kwd>maize inbred lines</kwd><kwd>biosynthesis of carotenoids</kwd><kwd>phytoene synthase PSY1</kwd><kwd>polymorphism</kwd><kwd>endosperm color</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Zea mays L.</kwd><kwd>инбредные линии кукурузы</kwd><kwd>биосинтез каротиноидов</kwd><kwd>фитоинсинтаза PSY1</kwd><kwd>полиморфизм</kwd><kwd>окраска эндосперма</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Правительство РФ</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Government of RF</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Chandrasekharan N., Ramanathan N., Pukalenthy B. et al. 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