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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Genetics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Genetics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Генетика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0016-6758</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-5103</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">667024</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S0016675823120147</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">PQAIPV</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading"><subject>ГЕНЕТИКА ЧЕЛОВЕКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Methylation of the Retrotransposon LINE-1 Subfamilies in Chorionic Villi of Miscarriages</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Метилирование подсемейств ретротранспозона LINE-1 в ворсинах хориона при невынашивании беременности</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vasilyev</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Васильев</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>stanislav.vasilyev@medgenetics.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikitina</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никитина</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>stanislav.vasilyev@medgenetics.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sazhenova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Саженова</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>stanislav.vasilyev@medgenetics.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lushnikov</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лушников</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>stanislav.vasilyev@medgenetics.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vasilyeva</surname><given-names>O. Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Васильева</surname><given-names>О. Ю.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>stanislav.vasilyev@medgenetics.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ushakova</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ушакова</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>stanislav.vasilyev@medgenetics.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zuev</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зуев</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>stanislav.vasilyev@medgenetics.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Filatova</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Филатова</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>stanislav.vasilyev@medgenetics.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tolmacheva</surname><given-names>E. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Толмачева</surname><given-names>Е. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>stanislav.vasilyev@medgenetics.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Demeneva</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Деменева</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>stanislav.vasilyev@medgenetics.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lebedev</surname><given-names>I. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лебедев</surname><given-names>И. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>stanislav.vasilyev@medgenetics.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Research Medical Center
of Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Научно-исследовательский институт медицинской генетики, Томский национальный исследовательский медицинский центр Российской академии наук</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Research Tomsk State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный исследовательский Томский государственный университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-12-01" publication-format="electronic"><day>01</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>59</volume><issue>12</issue><fpage>1419</fpage><lpage>1426</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-02-26"><day>26</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, С.А. Васильев, В.В. Деменева, Е.Н. Толмачева, С.А. Филатова, А.С. Зуев, А.С. Ушакова, О.Ю. Васильева, И.В. Лушников, Е.А. Саженова, Т.В. Никитина, И.Н. Лебедев</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, С.А. Васильев, В.В. Деменева, Е.Н. Толмачева, С.А. Филатова, А.С. Зуев, А.С. Ушакова, О.Ю. Васильева, И.В. Лушников, Е.А. Саженова, Т.В. Никитина, И.Н. Лебедев</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">С.А. Васильев, В.В. Деменева, Е.Н. Толмачева, С.А. Филатова, А.С. Зуев, А.С. Ушакова, О.Ю. Васильева, И.В. Лушников, Е.А. Саженова, Т.В. Никитина, И.Н. Лебедев</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">С.А. Васильев, В.В. Деменева, Е.Н. Толмачева, С.А. Филатова, А.С. Зуев, А.С. Ушакова, О.Ю. Васильева, И.В. Лушников, Е.А. Саженова, Т.В. Никитина, И.Н. Лебедев</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://transsyst.ru/0016-6758/article/view/667024">https://transsyst.ru/0016-6758/article/view/667024</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p id="idm45257553170912">Miscarriage is potentially associated with abnormal epigenetic regulation of genes responsible for the development of the embryo and placenta. The aim of this work was to analyze the methylation level of various subfamilies of the LINE-1 retrotransposon, which makes up about 17% of the entire genome, in chorionic villi of spontaneous abortions of the first trimester of pregnancy with different karyotypes, including the most common aneuploidies. The methylation profile in the LINE-1 retrotransposon promoter was analyzed using targeted bisulfite massive parallel sequencing in chorionic villi of induced abortions (<italic>n</italic> = 39), spontaneous abortions with normal karyotype (<italic>n</italic> = 173), trisomy 16 (<italic>n</italic> = 62) and monosomy X (<italic>n</italic> = 46), and peripheral blood lymphocytes of healthy volunteers (<italic>n</italic> = 17). The level of methylation of the LINE-1 retrotransposon subfamilies in the control groups of adult lymphocytes and chorionic villi of induced abortions was the highest for evolutionarily young L1HS subfamilies, lower for the more ancient L1PA2 and L1PA3 subfamilies, and the lowest for the even more ancient L1PA4 subfamily. In the groups of spontaneous abortions, an increased level of LINE-1 methylation was observed, and this effect was more pronounced for the older LINE-1 subfamilies. The revealed patterns indicate less control over the older subfamilies of the LINE-1 retrotransposon in the human genome, which can potentially be used as regulatory elements for nearby genes involved in embryonic development. An increase in the level of methylation of such sequences can disrupt the development of the placenta and embryo and make a certain contribution to miscarriage.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p id="idm45257553168624">Невынашивание беременности потенциально связано с нарушениями эпигенетической регуляции генов, ответственных за развитие эмбриона и плаценты. Цель настоящей работы – анализ уровня метилирования различных подсемейств ретротранспозона LINE-1, составляющего около 17% всего генома, в ворсинах хориона спонтанных абортусов первого триместра беременности с различным кариотипом, включая наиболее распространенные анеуплоидии. Был проведен анализ профиля метилирования в промоторе ретротранспозона LINE-1 с помощью таргетного бисульфитного массового параллельного секвенирования в ворсинах хориона медицинских абортусов (<italic>n</italic> = 39), спонтанных абортусов с нормальным кариотипом (<italic>n</italic> = 173), трисомией 16 (<italic>n</italic> = 62) и моносомией X (<italic>n</italic> = 46), а также в лимфоцитах периферической крови здоровых добровольцев (<italic>n</italic> = 17). Уровень метилирования подсемейств ретротранспозона LINE-1 в контрольных группах лимфоцитов взрослых индивидов и в ворсинах хориона медицинских абортусов был наибольшим для эволюционно молодых подсемейств L1HS, меньшим – для более древних подсемейств L1PA2, L1PA3 и минимальным для еще более древнего подсемейства L1PA4. В группах спонтанных абортусов наблюдался повышенный уровень метилирования LINE-1, причем этот эффект был более выражен для более древних подсемейств LINE-1. Выявленные закономерности указывают на меньший контроль за более древними подсемействами ретротранспозона LINE-1 в геноме человека, которые потенциально могут использоваться в качестве регуляторных элементов для расположенных рядом генов, участвующих в эмбриональном развитии. Повышение уровня метилирования таких последовательностей может нарушать развитие плаценты и эмбриона и вносить определенный вклад в невынашивание беременности.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>LINE-1 retrotransposon</kwd><kwd>DNA methylation</kwd><kwd>chorionic villi</kwd><kwd>miscarriage</kwd><kwd>aneuploidy</kwd><kwd>bisulfite sequencing</kwd><kwd>spontaneous abortions.</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ретротранспозон LINE-1</kwd><kwd>метилирование ДНК</kwd><kwd>ворсины хориона</kwd><kwd>невынашивание беременности</kwd><kwd>анеуплоидия</kwd><kwd>бисульфитное секвенирование</kwd><kwd>спонтанные абортусы.</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Quenby S., Gallos I.D., Dhillon-Smith R.K. et al. Miscarriage matters: the epidemiological, physical, psychological, and economic costs of early pregnancy loss // Lancet. 2021. V. 397. № 10285. 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