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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Genetics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Genetics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Генетика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0016-6758</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-5103</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">667019</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S0016675823120111</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">QCCUZR</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading"><subject>ГЕНЕТИКА РАСТЕНИЙ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Biological Diversity of Genes Encoding Wheat Defensin Homologues</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Биологическое разнообразие генов гомологов дефензинов пшеницы</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Slezina</surname><given-names>M. P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Слезина</surname><given-names>М. П.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>odintsova2005@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Istomina</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Истомина</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>odintsova2005@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Odintsova</surname><given-names>T. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Одинцова</surname><given-names>Т. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>odintsova2005@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт общей генетики им. Н.И. Вавилова Российской академии наук</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-12-01" publication-format="electronic"><day>01</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>59</volume><issue>12</issue><fpage>1382</fpage><lpage>1392</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-02-26"><day>26</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, М.П. Слезина, Е.А. Истомина, Т.И. Одинцова</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, М.П. Слезина, Е.А. Истомина, Т.И. Одинцова</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">М.П. Слезина, Е.А. Истомина, Т.И. Одинцова</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">М.П. Слезина, Е.А. Истомина, Т.И. Одинцова</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://transsyst.ru/0016-6758/article/view/667019">https://transsyst.ru/0016-6758/article/view/667019</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p id="idm45257553078784">Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are major components of innate immunity in plants and animals. AMP genes have significant intra- and interspecific polymorphism, the role of which is poorly understood. Previously, by high throughput transcriptome sequencing of wheat plants, we identified defensin genes up-regulated upon infection with the pathogenic fungus <italic>Fusarium oxysporum</italic> and/or treatment with resistance inducers. In the present work, a bioinformatic search in NCBI databases for peptide homologues of these defensins was carried out using the sequences of their γ-cores, the sites of the molecules responsible for antimicrobial activity. DEFL1-16 homologues were identified in 95 species of angiosperms belonging to 48 families and 30 orders of monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants. The ubiquitous distribution of this defensin in angiosperms suggests its involvement not only in defense, but also in other processes in flowering plants. Homologues of other defensins induced by infection were found only in plants of the Poaceae family, which suggests the existence of a Poaceae-specific defense mechanism associated with the expression of these defensins. Among the γ-core variants of wild plant defensins identified in the study, the peptides with better antimicrobial activity compared to wheat, might be present, which are of considerable interest for the development of new antibiotics for medicine and agriculture.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p id="idm45257553075968">Антимикробные пептиды (АМП) являются основными компонентами врожденного иммунитета растений и животных. Гены АМП обладают значительным внутри- и межвидовым полиморфизмом, роль которого практически не изучена. Ранее нами методом глубокого секвенирования транскриптомов растений пшеницы были выявлены гены дефензинов, экспрессия которых усиливалась при заражении патогенным грибом <italic>Fusarium oxysporum</italic> и/или обработке индукторами устойчивости. В настоящей работе был проведен биоинформатический поиск в базах данных NCBI пептидов-гомологов этих дефензинов пшеницы по последовательностям их γ-коров − участков молекул, ответственных за антимикробную активность. Гомологи дефензина DEFL1-16 были выявлены у 95 видов покрытосеменных растений, относящихся к 48 семействам и принадлежащих к 30 порядкам одно- и двудольных растений. Повсеместное распространение этого дефензина у покрытосеменных растений позволяет высказать предположение о его участии не только в защите, но и в других процессах в цветковых растениях. Гомологи других дефензинов, индуцированных заражением, обнаружены только у растений семейства Poaceae, что предполагает наличие у мятликовых специфичного для этого семейства механизма защиты от патогенов, связанного с экспрессией этих дефензинов. Среди выявленных в ходе исследования вариантов γ-коров дефензинов дикорастущих растений могут быть пептиды с лучшей по сравнению с пшеницей антимикробной активностью, которые представляют несомненный интерес для разработки новых антибиотиков для медицины и сельского хозяйства.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>plant immunity</kwd><kwd>antimicrobial peptides</kwd><kwd>defensins</kwd><kwd>gene biodiversity.</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>иммунитет растений</kwd><kwd>антимикробные пептиды</kwd><kwd>дефензины</kwd><kwd>биоразнообразие генов.</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Zasloff M. Antimicrobial peptides of multicellular organisms // Nature. 2002. № 415. P. 389–395. https://doi.org/10.1038/415389a</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Tam J.P., Wang S., Wong K.H., Tan W.L. Antimicrobial peptides from plants // Pharmaceuticals. 2015. V. 8. № 4. 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