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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Genetics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Genetics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Генетика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0016-6758</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-5103</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">666943</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S0016675824040042</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">crfvbl</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading"><subject>ГЕНЕТИКА ЖИВОТНЫХ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Cytochromes P450 2f and behavioral traits genes: covariations of expression in the human brain and polymorphism of the orthologues in domestic goats</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Цитохромы P450 2f и гены поведенческих черт: ковариации экспрессии в мозге человека и полиморфизм ортологов у домашних коз</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Piskunov</surname><given-names>A. K.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пискунов</surname><given-names>А. К.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>aleksei.piskunov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Marchenko</surname><given-names>P. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Марченко</surname><given-names>П. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>aleksei.piskunov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Svishcheva</surname><given-names>G. R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Свищева</surname><given-names>Г. Р.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>aleksei.piskunov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Samsonova</surname><given-names>J. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Самсонова</surname><given-names>Ж. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>aleksei.piskunov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kudryavtseva</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кудрявцева</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>aleksei.piskunov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Stolpovsky</surname><given-names>Yu. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Столповский</surname><given-names>Ю. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>aleksei.piskunov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Voronkova</surname><given-names>V. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Воронкова</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>aleksei.piskunov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт общей генетики им. Н.И. Вавилова Российской академии наук</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт молекулярной биологии им. В.А. Энгельгардта Российской академии наук</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-04-11" publication-format="electronic"><day>11</day><month>04</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>60</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>47</fpage><lpage>57</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-02-26"><day>26</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Российская академия наук</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Российская академия наук</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://transsyst.ru/0016-6758/article/view/666943">https://transsyst.ru/0016-6758/article/view/666943</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Human cytochrome P450 2F1, as well as its orthologue 2F3in domestic goat,is considered to bea rather unusual enzyme. The only type of reaction it catalyzes has been described: the conversion of skatole, a product of anaerobic tryptophan metabolism, into a pulmonary toxin. Endogenous substrates of CYP2F are unknown, and although more than 30 years have passed since the discovery of the enzyme, its biological role remains unclear. We hypothesized that the physiological functions of CYP2F can be specifically implemented in the brain, remaining previously unnoticed due to the high compartmentalization of the organ. Using open data, we studied the covariation of the expression of <italic>CYP2F1</italic> and genes for behavioral traits: in the human brain, as well as the polymorphism of their orthologues and <italic>CYP2F3</italic> in 180 populations of domestic animals goats (<italic>Capra hircus</italic>). Two SNPs were found in the <italic>CYP2F3</italic> gene, one of which had pronounced traces of selection, and the frequency of homozygotes increased with geographic distance from the center of domestication. Expression of <italic>CYP2F1</italic> mRNA in the human brain also had regional specificity. In both species, factor analysis revealed the relationship between CYP2F1/3 and a number of genes regulating behavior: the serotonin transporter SLC6A4 and its receptor <italic>HTR2A3</italic>, the <italic>ABCB1</italic> transporter, the purine receptor <italic>P2RX7</italic>, the GABA receptor <italic>GABRA4</italic>, the circadian rhythm regulator <italic>PER3</italic> and T-cadherin <italic>CDH13</italic>. Thus, analysis of the genomic data of the domestic goat and human transcriptomic data revealed the evolutionary and functional relationships of CYP2F cytochromes and neurochemical systems for regulating behavior. This evidence of the cerebral function of the enzyme is indirect, since it is based on correlation analysis, but indicates the promise of further search in this direction.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Цитохром Р450 2F1 человека, как и его ортолог 2F3 домашней козы, считают довольно необычным ферментом. Описан единственный тип катализируемых им реакций: превращение скатола, продукта анаэробного обмена триптофана, в легочный токсин. Эндогенные субстраты CYP2F неизвестны, и хотя с открытия фермента прошло больше 30 лет, его биологическая роль остается невыясненной. Мы предположили, что физиологические функции CYP2F могут точечно реализовываться в головном мозге, оставаясь ранее незамеченными вследствие высокой компартментализации органа. Используя открытые данные, мы изучили ковариацию экспрессии <italic>CYP2F1</italic> и генов поведенческих черт в мозге человека, а также полиморфизм их ортологов и <italic>CYP2F3 </italic>в 180 популяциях домашних коз (<italic>Capra hircus</italic>). В гене <italic>CYP2F3</italic> было обнаружено два SNP, один из которых имел выраженные следы отбора, причем частота гомозигот увеличивалась по мере географического удаления от центра доместикации. Экспрессия мРНК <italic>CYP2F1</italic> в мозге человека также имела регионарную специфичность. У обоих видов путем факторного анализа была выявлена взаимосвязь <italic>CYP2F1/3</italic> и ряда генов, регулирующих поведение: транспортера серотонина <italic>SLC6A4</italic> и его рецептора <italic>HTR2A3</italic>, транспортера <italic>ABCB1</italic>, рецептора пуринов <italic>P2RX7</italic>, рецептора ГАМК <italic>GABRA4</italic>, регулятора циркадных ритмов <italic>PER3</italic> и Т-кадгерина <italic>CDH13</italic>. Анализ геномных данных домашнией козы и транскриптомных данных человека выявил эволюционные и функциональные связи цитохромов CYP2F и нейрохимических систем регуляции поведения. Эти доказательства церебральной функции фермента являются косвенными, поскольку основаны на корреляционном анализе, однако свидетельствуют о перспективности дальнейшего поиска в данном направлении.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>сytochrome</kwd><kwd>brain</kwd><kwd>personality</kwd><kwd>behavior</kwd><kwd>domestication</kwd><kwd>serotonin</kwd><kwd>goat</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>цитохром</kwd><kwd>мозг</kwd><kwd>личность</kwd><kwd>поведение</kwd><kwd>доместикация</kwd><kwd>серотонин</kwd><kwd>коза</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский научный фонд</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Science Foundation</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>№ 22-76-10053</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Lanza D.L., Yost G.S. 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