Russian Journal of GeneticsRussian Journal of GeneticsГенетика0016-67583034-5103The Russian Academy of Sciences66694010.31857/S0016675824040022croymrОБЗОРНЫЕ И ТЕОРЕТИЧЕСКИЕ СТАТЬИResearch ArticleOrigin, genetic diversity and migration routes of cultivated emmer Triticum dicoccumПроисхождение, генетическое разнообразие и миграционные пути культурной полбы Triticum dicoccumFisenkoА. V.ФисенкоА. В.
Russian Federation
fisenko800@mail.ruDragovichА. Yu.ДраговичА. Ю.
Russian Federation
dragova@mail.ruVavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of SciencesИнститут общей генетики им. Н.И. Вавилова Российской академии наук11042024604203326022025Copyright ©; 2024, Russian Academy of SciencesCopyright ©; 2024, Российская академия наук2024Russian Academy of SciencesРоссийская академия наукhttps://transsyst.ru/0016-6758/article/view/666940

During the period of significant climatic and environmental changes and the constant growth of the human population, new effective approaches in wheat breeding are required, in particular, the study of genetic and genomic diversity, origin and migration routes of species genetically related to common wheat, which could be donors of genes controlling economically valuable characteristics. Such species include the cultivated emmer Triticum dicoccum (Schrank) Schuebl. With subgenomes A and B (2n = 28), similar to the corresponding subgenomes of hexaploidcommon wheat. The review examines the issues of genetic and genomic diversity of cultivated emmer, its domestication and routes of distribution. The characteristics of some T. dicoccum genes introduced into common and durum wheat, or promising for further use in breeding, are given.

В период существенных климатических и экологических изменений и постоянного роста численности населения требуются новые эффективные подходы в селекции пшеницы, в частности углубленное изучение генетического и геномного разнообразия, а также происхождения и миграционных путей видов, генетически близких мягкой пшенице, которые могли бы быть донорами генов, контролирующих хозяйственно ценные признаки. К таким видам относится культурная полба Triticum dicoccum (Schrank) Schübl с субгеномами А и В (2n = 28), аналогичными соответствующим субгеномам гексаплоидной мягкой пшеницы. В обзоре рассматриваются вопросы генетического и геномного разнообразия культурной полбы, ее доместикации и путей распространения. Дана характеристика некоторых генов T. dicoccum, интродуцированных в мягкую и твердую пшеницу, и перспективных для дальнейшего использования в селекции.

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