Russian Journal of GeneticsRussian Journal of GeneticsГенетика0016-67583034-5103The Russian Academy of Sciences66693910.31857/S0016675824040015crqapnОБЗОРНЫЕ И ТЕОРЕТИЧЕСКИЕ СТАТЬИResearch ArticleThe role of transposable elements in long-term memory formationРоль мобильных генетических элементов в формировании долговременной памятиMustafinR. N.МустафинР. Н.
Russian Federation
ruji79@mail.ruKhusnutdinovaE. K.ХуснутдиноваЭ. К.
Russian Federation
ruji79@mail.ruBashkir State Medical UniversityБашкирский государственный медицинский университетInstitute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Federal Research Centre, Russian Academy of SciencesИнститут биохимии и генетики – обособленное структурное подразделение Уфимского федерального исследовательского центра Российской академии наук1104202460431926022025Copyright ©; 2024, Russian Academy of SciencesCopyright ©; 2024, Российская академия наук2024Russian Academy of SciencesРоссийская академия наукhttps://transsyst.ru/0016-6758/article/view/666939

A number of experimental studies are described that challenge the significance of synaptic plasticity and prove the role of transposable elements in memory consolidation. This is due to the cis-regulatory influence of activated transposable elements on gene expression, as well as insertions into new genomic loci near the genes involved in brain functioning. RNAs and proteins of endogenous retroviruses are transported to dendritic synapses and transmit information to change gene expression in neighboring cells through the formation of virus-like particles in vesicles. Due to this, the relationship between synaptic plasticity and nuclear coding is ensured, since transposable elements are also drivers of epigenetic regulation due to relationship with the non-coding RNAs derived from them. Our analysis of the scientific literature allowed us to identify the role of 17 microRNAs derived from transposable elements in normal memory formation. In neurodegenerative diseases with memory impairment, we identified impaired expression of 44 microRNAs derived from transposable elements. This demonstrates the potential for targeting pathological transposon activation in neurodegenerative diseases for memory restoration using microRNAs as tools.

В ряде экспериментальных исследований оспорено значение синаптической пластичности и доказана роль транспозонов в консолидации памяти. Это обусловлено cis-регуляторным влиянием активированных мобильных генетических элементов на экспрессию генов, а также инсерциями в новые локусы генома вблизи участвующих в функционировании головного мозга генов. Транскрипты и белки эндогенных ретровирусов транспортируются в области синапсов дендритов и передают информацию для изменения экспрессии генов в соседние клетки за счет формирования вирусоподобных частиц в составе везикул. Благодаря этому обеспечивается взаимосвязь синаптической пластичности с ядерным кодированием, поскольку мобильные генетические элементы являются также драйверами эпигенетической регуляции за счет взаимосвязи с произошедшими от них некодирующими РНК. Проведенный нами анализ научной литературы позволил выявить роль 17 возникших от транспозонов микроРНК в нормальном формировании памяти. При нейродегенеративных заболеваниях с нарушением памяти нами выявлено изменение экспрессии 44 произошедших от мобильных генетических элементов микроРНК. Это свидетельствует о возможностях таргетного воздействия на патологическую активацию транспозонов при нейродегенеративных болезнях для восстановления памяти с использованием микроРНК в качестве инструментов.

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