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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Genetics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Genetics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Генетика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0016-6758</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-5103</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">666915</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31857/S0016675823010083</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">CMXSQZ</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading"><subject>ГЕНЕТИКА ЧЕЛОВЕКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Unknown</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Mitochondrial Gene Pool of Ukrainians in the Context of Variability of Whole Mitogenomes in Slavic Peoples</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Митохондриальный генофонд украинцев в контексте изменчивости целых митогеномов у славянских народов</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Malyarchuk</surname><given-names>B. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Малярчук</surname><given-names>Б. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>malyarchuk@ibpn.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Derenko</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Деренко</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>malyarchuk@ibpn.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Biological Problems of the North, Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт биологических проблем Севера Дальневосточного отделения
Российской академии наук</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-01-01" publication-format="electronic"><day>01</day><month>01</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>59</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>106</fpage><lpage>114</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-02-26"><day>26</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, B.А. Malyarchuk, M.V. Derenko</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Б.А. Малярчук, М.В. Деренко</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">B.А. Malyarchuk, M.V. Derenko</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Б.А. Малярчук, М.В. Деренко</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://transsyst.ru/0016-6758/article/view/666915">https://transsyst.ru/0016-6758/article/view/666915</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p id="idm45181324070496">Data on the variability of nucleotide sequences of whole mitochondrial genomes in Ukrainians were analyzed. A comparative analysis of genetic diversity parameters showed that Ukrainians, like other European populations, are characterized by a high level of mtDNA diversity. However, between-population differences in Europe are very low (<italic>F</italic><sub>ST</sub> = 0.36%, <italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.00001). According to the results of the <italic>F</italic><sub>ST</sub>-analysis, Ukrainians show the greatest similarity with Slovaks, Russians, Poles, Serbs, and Estonians. On the graph of multidimensional scaling of <italic>F</italic><sub>ST</sub>-distances, Ukrainians are located together with Western and Eastern Slavs, occupying a central position among them. The results of the analysis of the dynamics of the effective population size (<italic>N</italic><sub>e</sub>) showed differences in the long-term dynamics of <italic>N</italic><sub>e</sub> between populations of the north and south of Eastern Europe. For Ukrainians and the southwestern Russian populations, a period of sharp population growth was recorded in the Neolithic period (approximately 8.2 thousand years ago), while for Estonians and northwestern Russians, population growth was observed much later, in the Bronze Age (approximately 4.3 thousand years ago). An analysis of data on mtDNA variability in Slavic populations showed that the frequency of ethnic specific mtDNA haplotypes varies quite widely in different ethnic groups, from 1.3% in Slovaks to 10.3% in Poles. The proportion of Slavic-specific mtDNA haplotypes also varies: the least number of such haplotypes was found in Czechs and Serbs (less than 10%), and most of all in Ukrainians (23.6%).</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p id="idm45181324067760">Проанализированы данные об изменчивости нуклеотидных последовательностей целых митохондриальных геномов у украинцев. Сравнительный анализ параметров генетического разнообразия показал, что украинцы, как и другие европейские народы, характеризуются высоким уровнем разнообразия мтДНК. Однако межпопуляционные различия в Европе очень низки (<italic>F</italic><sub>ST</sub> = 0.36%, <italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.00001). По результатам <italic>F</italic><sub>ST</sub>-анализа украинцы проявляют наибольшее сходство со словаками, русскими, поляками, сербами и эстонцами. На графике многомерного шкалирования <italic>F</italic><sub>ST</sub>-дистанций украинцы располагаются вместе с западными и восточными славянами, занимая среди них центральное положение. Результаты анализа динамики эффективной численности (<italic>N</italic><sub>e</sub>) популяций показали различия по долговременной динамике <italic>N</italic><sub>e</sub> между севером и югом Восточной Европы. Для украинцев и юго-западного русского населения период резкого роста численности зарегистрирован в неолитическое время (примерно 8.2 тыс. лет назад), в то время как у эстонцев и северо-западных русских рост численности популяций наблюдается значительно позже – в эпоху бронзового века (примерно 4.3 тыс. лет назад). Анализ данных об изменчивости мтДНК в славянских популяциях показал, что частота этноспецифичных гаплотипов мтДНК достаточно широко изменяется в различных этнических группах – от 1.3 у словаков до 10.3% у поляков. Доля славяно-специфичных гаплотипов мтДНК также варьирует: меньше всего такого рода гаплотипов обнаружено у чехов и сербов (менее 10%), а больше всего – у украинцев (23.6%).</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>mitochondrial DNA</kwd><kwd>molecular phylogeography</kwd><kwd>population specificity of mtDNA haplotypes</kwd><kwd>Ukrainians</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>митохондриальная ДНК</kwd><kwd>молекулярная филогеография</kwd><kwd>популяционная специфичность гаплотипов мтДНК</kwd><kwd>украинцы</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Kivisild T. Maternal ancestry and population history from whole mitochondrial genomes // Investig. Genet. 2015. V. 6. e3. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13323-015-0022-2</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Деренко М.В., Малярчук Б.А. 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